Identification of tin species released in solution during the water leaching of solids from the alkaline smelting (NaOH-KOH) of stanniferous ores

IF 1.5 4区工程技术 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI:10.37190/ppmp/189758

Phalaris Yuma Muyungwa, Bertin Kitungwa Kabuge, Pierre Mubiayi Kalenga, Michel Shengo Lutandula, N. Moloto, G. Ngubeni, M. K. Mbayo, Crépin Kyona Wansanga

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Tin species were studied Makundju ores in DRCongo. Identification of tin species released in aqueous solution during leaching of solids from the alkaline smelting (NaOH-KOH) was done to prepare added-value mining products on tin ores mined in the eastern DR Congo. Prior to alkaline fusion to have the smelting products (SP), the initial sample (IS) was processed for tests and characterization of tin species. Alkaline fusion in molten KOH-NaOH system was used and leached solution was considered for further analyses. Various physicochemical techniques including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FTIR spectroscopy were used to characterize the initial ore and the molten cake. Water leached cake solution at a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10 was used to identify and characterize tin species. ICP-OES analysis of the pH 11.9 solution revealed a content of 4506.3 ppm, which is equivalent to a 95.87% leaching yield. Such yield attests to the stable Sn(OH)^2-_6(aq) ion as confirmed by UV-Vis. Crystallizations of M₂Sn(OH)_6(s) (M = Na and/or K) was studied using XRD, FTIR and TGA. As pH decreases below 9, Sn(OH)^2-_6(aq) ion changes to other tin species such as Sn(OH)^-_5(aq), Sn(OH)_4(S), Sn(OH)⁺_3(aq), Sn(OH)²⁺_2(aq), Sn(OH)³⁺_(aq) and Sn(OH)⁴⁺_(aq). The stability of each the tin species was determined at different pH values in aqueous solution. Hence, alkaline hexahydroxostannate nanoparticles, used in many electronic applications, can be produced from tin ores.

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在碱性冶炼（NaOH-KOH）锡矿石固体的水浸过程中识别溶液中释放的锡种类

对刚果（金）马昆朱（Makundju）矿石中锡的种类进行了研究。在碱性熔炼（NaOH-KOH）固体浸出过程中，对水溶液中释放的锡种类进行了鉴定，以便为在刚果民主共和国东部开采的锡矿石制备增值矿产品。在进行碱性熔炼以获得熔炼产品（SP）之前，对初始样品（IS）进行了处理，以测试和鉴定锡的种类。在熔融 KOH-NaOH 系统中进行碱性熔融，并考虑对浸出液进行进一步分析。各种物理化学技术，包括 X 射线荧光光谱仪 (XRF)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、热重分析 (TGA) 和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪被用来描述初始矿石和熔融锡饼的特征。固/液比为 1:10 的水浸滤饼溶液用于识别和表征锡物种。对 pH 值为 11.9 的溶液进行的 ICP-OES 分析显示，锡含量为 4506.3 ppm，相当于 95.87% 的浸出率。经紫外可见光谱分析证实，该产率证明锡（OH）2-6（aq）离子是稳定的。使用 XRD、FTIR 和 TGA 研究了 M2Sn(OH)6(s)（M = Na 和/或 K）的结晶情况。当 pH 值低于 9 时，Sn(OH)2-6(aq) 离子会转变为其他锡物种，如 Sn(OH)-5(aq)、Sn(OH)4(S)、Sn(OH)+3(aq)、Sn(OH)2+2(aq)、Sn(OH)3+(aq) 和 Sn(OH)4+(aq)。在不同 pH 值的水溶液中，每种锡的稳定性都得到了测定。因此，可从锡矿石中制备出用于多种电子应用的碱性六羟锡酸盐纳米粒子。

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来源期刊

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing 工程技术-矿业与矿物加工

CiteScore

2.20

自引率

6.70%

发文量

审稿时长

3.3 months

期刊介绍： Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing is an international, open access journal which covers theoretical approaches and their practical applications in all aspects of mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. Criteria for publication in the Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing journal are novelty, quality and current interest. Manuscripts which only make routine use of minor extensions to well established methodologies are not appropriate for the journal. Topics of interest Analytical techniques and applied mineralogy Computer applications Comminution, classification and sorting Froth flotation Solid-liquid separation Gravity concentration Magnetic and electric separation Hydro and biohydrometallurgy Extractive metallurgy Recycling and mineral wastes Environmental aspects of mineral processing and other mineral processing related subjects.