Post-Diarrheal Acute Kidney Injury During an Epidemic in Monsoon – A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of acute diarrheal diseases; however, there is limited data on post-diarrheal AKI (PD-AKI) epidemiology and outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the clinicodemographic profile and outcomes of PD-AKI in our hospital. We retrospectively analyzed data from 93 patients admitted with PD-AKI during a diarrheal illness epidemic. Patients were stratified based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) AKI stage and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score. Clinicodemographic data and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 45.7 ± 11.9 years, with a majority being men (n = 55, 59%). All patients presented with watery diarrhea, 85% (n = 79) had vomiting, and 66% (n = 61) presented in shock. At presentation, 59% were oliguric, while 32% were anuric. KDIGO stage 3 AKI was observed in 71% (n = 66) of patients. Dialytic support was required in 29% (n = 27) of cases. The mortality rate was 6.5% (n = 6), mostly due to refractory shock, while the remaining patients recovered. Risk factor analysis demonstrated a higher qSOFA score, and peak serum creatinine levels were associated with an increased likelihood of requiring renal replacement therapy and delayed renal recovery. This study provides valuable insights into the clinicodemographic characteristics and outcomes of PD-AKI. The high prevalence of severe AKI emphasizes the importance of early recognition and appropriate management strategies for these patients.