Development of a Hybrid-Electric Medium-HD Demonstrator Vehicle with a Pent-Roof SI Natural Gas Engine

Julian Wallace, Robert Mitchell, Sandesh Rao, Kevin Jones, Dustin Kramer, Yanyu Wang, Paul Chambon, Scott Sjovall, D. R. Williams
{"title":"Development of a Hybrid-Electric Medium-HD Demonstrator Vehicle with a Pent-Roof SI Natural Gas Engine","authors":"Julian Wallace, Robert Mitchell, Sandesh Rao, Kevin Jones, Dustin Kramer, Yanyu Wang, Paul Chambon, Scott Sjovall, D. R. Williams","doi":"10.4271/2024-37-0026","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In response to global climate change, there is a widespread push to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector. For the difficult to decarbonize heavy-duty (HD) vehicle sector, hybridization and lower carbon-intensity fuels can offer a low-cost, near-term solution for CO2 reduction. The use of natural gas can provide such an alternative for HD vehicles while the increasing availability of renewable natural gas affords the opportunity for much deeper reductions in net-CO2 emissions. With this in consideration, the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory launched the Natural Gas Vehicle Research and Development Project to stimulate advancements in technology and availability of natural gas vehicles. As part of this program, Southwest Research Institute developed a hybrid-electric medium-HD vehicle (class 6) to demonstrate a substantial CO2 reduction over the baseline diesel vehicle and ultra-low NOx emissions. The development included the conversion of a 5.2 L diesel engine to spark-ignited natural gas with an aluminum, pent-roof cylinder head to provide a diesel-like torque curve and engine NOx emissions below 0.02 g/hp-hr (0.027 g/kWh). In parallel, a vehicle modeling study was performed to determine an optimum hybrid architecture for an Isuzu F-Series truck to provide the largest impact on fleet emissions. Variations of motor/generator location, battery voltage, and storage capacity were evaluated. Finally, the demonstration truck was built with the prototype engine and P2 plug-in hybrid system to provide performance and emissions validation of the overall concept. The vehicle was tested over several HD drive cycles, including the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model (GEM) certification cycles, and provided satisfactory performance. The GEM cycle results demonstrated a greater than 25% reduction in CO2 for the multi-purpose and urban subcategories. For the regional subcategory testing with a high percentage of highway speeds operation, the vehicle demonstrated a 13% reduction in CO2 due primarily to the lower carbon intensity fuel.","PeriodicalId":510086,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"SAE Technical Paper Series","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-37-0026","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

In response to global climate change, there is a widespread push to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector. For the difficult to decarbonize heavy-duty (HD) vehicle sector, hybridization and lower carbon-intensity fuels can offer a low-cost, near-term solution for CO2 reduction. The use of natural gas can provide such an alternative for HD vehicles while the increasing availability of renewable natural gas affords the opportunity for much deeper reductions in net-CO2 emissions. With this in consideration, the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory launched the Natural Gas Vehicle Research and Development Project to stimulate advancements in technology and availability of natural gas vehicles. As part of this program, Southwest Research Institute developed a hybrid-electric medium-HD vehicle (class 6) to demonstrate a substantial CO2 reduction over the baseline diesel vehicle and ultra-low NOx emissions. The development included the conversion of a 5.2 L diesel engine to spark-ignited natural gas with an aluminum, pent-roof cylinder head to provide a diesel-like torque curve and engine NOx emissions below 0.02 g/hp-hr (0.027 g/kWh). In parallel, a vehicle modeling study was performed to determine an optimum hybrid architecture for an Isuzu F-Series truck to provide the largest impact on fleet emissions. Variations of motor/generator location, battery voltage, and storage capacity were evaluated. Finally, the demonstration truck was built with the prototype engine and P2 plug-in hybrid system to provide performance and emissions validation of the overall concept. The vehicle was tested over several HD drive cycles, including the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model (GEM) certification cycles, and provided satisfactory performance. The GEM cycle results demonstrated a greater than 25% reduction in CO2 for the multi-purpose and urban subcategories. For the regional subcategory testing with a high percentage of highway speeds operation, the vehicle demonstrated a 13% reduction in CO2 due primarily to the lower carbon intensity fuel.
开发配备顶棚式 SI 天然气发动机的混合动力电动中型高清示范车
为应对全球气候变化,人们普遍推动减少交通部门的碳排放。对于难以去碳化的重型车辆(HD)行业来说,混合动力和低碳强度燃料可以为二氧化碳减排提供低成本的近期解决方案。天然气的使用可以为重型车辆提供这样一种选择,而可再生天然气的日益普及则为更大幅度地减少二氧化碳净排放量提供了机会。有鉴于此,美国国家可再生能源实验室启动了天然气汽车研发项目,以促进天然气汽车的技术进步和供应。作为该计划的一部分,美国西南研究院开发了一种混合动力电动中型重型车辆(6 级),与基准柴油车辆相比,二氧化碳排放量大幅减少,氮氧化物排放超低。开发工作包括将 5.2 L 柴油发动机改装为火花点燃式天然气发动机,采用铝制五顶气缸盖,以提供类似柴油发动机的扭矩曲线,发动机氮氧化物排放量低于 0.02 g/hp-hr(0.027 g/kWh)。与此同时,还进行了一项车辆建模研究,以确定五十铃 F 系列卡车的最佳混合动力结构,从而对车队排放产生最大影响。对电机/发电机位置、电池电压和存储容量的变化进行了评估。最后,使用原型发动机和 P2 插电式混合动力系统制造了示范卡车,对整体概念进行了性能和排放验证。该车在多个高清驱动循环(包括温室气体排放模型(GEM)认证循环)中进行了测试,性能令人满意。GEM 循环结果表明,多功能和城市子类别的二氧化碳排放量减少了 25% 以上。在高速行驶比例较高的区域子类别测试中,车辆的二氧化碳排放量减少了 13%,这主要归功于碳强度较低的燃料。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信