Nutritional Quality Assessment of Miscellaneous Cassava Tubers Using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

Foods Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI:10.3390/foods13121861

Lintao Chen, Rui Chen, Elsayed M. Atwa, Mahmoud Mabrouk, Huanyu Jiang, Xiangwei Mou, Xu Ma

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Abstract

Cassava is a staple crop in developing countries because its starchy roots provide essential dietary carbohydrates. The aim of this research was to conduct a comprehensive inquiry and scientific evaluation of the nutritional value of cassava tubers. Eight nutritional characteristics were examined in native and imported cassava variants: starch, reduced sugar, anthocyanins, protein, dietary fiber, quinic acid, vitamin C, and dry matter content. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to minimize the dimensionality of the nutritional markers. A scientific assessment technique was developed to calculate a composite score for the various cassava samples. Analysis of the data revealed noticeable variance among the samples’ nutritional indicators, suggesting varying degrees of association. Starch had a substantial positive link with lower sugar, protein, and dry matter content (p < 0.01). Anthocyanins and quinic acid interacted favorably (p < 0.05), and a positive link between protein and dry matter content was observed (p < 0.05); however, protein and dietary fiber interacted negatively (p < 0.05). The contribution rate of the top three PCA factors was over 76%, demonstrating that these factors incorporated the primary information acquired from the eight original nutritional indices, while maintaining excellent representativeness and impartiality. The experimental results showed a preliminary nutritional grade for 22 cassava tuber samples. The top five types were Guangxi Muci, Gui Cassava 4, Glutinous Rice Cassava, Huifeng 60, and Dongguan Hongwei. In the cluster analysis, the levels of similarity between the data showed that the 22 types of cassava tubers could be grouped into five categories, each with their own set of nutrients. This study promotes the directed breeding of cassava species and offers a theoretical foundation for creating and using various cassava varieties. Furthermore, this work lays the groundwork for a systematic and dependable technique for the quality assessment, comprehensive evaluation, and reasonable classification of cassava species and similar crops.

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利用主成分分析和聚类分析评估杂木薯块茎的营养质量

木薯是发展中国家的主食作物，因为它的淀粉根能提供膳食中必需的碳水化合物。这项研究旨在对木薯块茎的营养价值进行全面调查和科学评估。研究考察了本地木薯和进口木薯的八个营养特征：淀粉、还原糖、花青素、蛋白质、膳食纤维、奎宁酸、维生素 C 和干物质含量。进行了主成分分析（PCA），以尽量减少营养指标的维度。开发了一种科学评估技术，用于计算各种木薯样本的综合得分。数据分析显示，各样本的营养指标之间存在明显差异，表明存在不同程度的关联。淀粉与较低的糖、蛋白质和干物质含量有很大的正相关性（p < 0.01）。花青素和奎宁酸之间存在有利的相互作用（p < 0.05），蛋白质和干物质含量之间存在正相关（p < 0.05）；但是，蛋白质和膳食纤维之间存在负相关（p < 0.05）。前三个 PCA 因子的贡献率超过 76%，表明这些因子包含了从八个原始营养指标中获得的主要信息，同时保持了极好的代表性和公正性。实验结果表明，22 个木薯块茎样品的营养等级初步确定。排名前五位的分别是广西木薯、桂木薯 4 号、糯米木薯、惠丰 60 号和东莞红卫。在聚类分析中，数据之间的相似程度表明，22 种木薯块茎可分为五类，每一类都有各自的营养成分。这项研究促进了木薯品种的定向培育，为创造和利用各种木薯品种提供了理论基础。此外，这项工作还为木薯品种和类似作物的质量评估、综合评价和合理分类奠定了系统可靠的技术基础。

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Foods

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