Profil Acute Kidney Injury pada Anak yang Dirawat di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

Medical Scope Journal Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI:10.35790/msj.v7i1.53862

Putri C. Ango, Adrian Umboh, Praevilia M. Salendu

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Abstract

Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical condition as evidenced by elevated levels of creatinine and urea, as well as a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study aimed to determine the profile of AKI in children admitted to the Pediatric Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, during the period from January 2020 to August 2023. This was a retrospective and descriptive study with an observational approach and a cross-sectional design. Samples included all children who were diagnosed with AKI. The results obtained 121 patients with AKI, aged 1 month to 18 years, comprising 53.7% males, 46.3% females. Pre-renal AKI accounted for 61.1%, while renal AKI was 38.9%. Common clinical features included fever (75.3%), respiratory distress (61.2%), edema (49.7%), oliguria (93.3%), proteinuria (54.5%), azotemia (100.0%), microscopic hematuria (61.2%), leukocyturia (43.8%), hyponatremia (53.0%), hypocalcemia (47.2%), hypochloremia (48.0%), sepsis (42.1%), septic shock (17.3%), and metabolic acidosis (2.4%). In conclusion, AKI was most commonly found in the age group of 11-15 years, with a higher prevalence in males than females. The most common etiology was pre-renal AKI, with oliguria, fever, and respiratory distress being the most common clinical symptoms. Laboratory examinations commonly showed azotemia, hematuria, proteinuria, and leukocyturia. Keywords: acute kidney injury; children; clinical features; complication Abstrak: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) adalah sebuah keadaan klinis dimana terjadi peningkatan kreatinin dan urea serta penurunan laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil AKI pada anak yang dirawat di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2020-Agustus 2023. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dan observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ini ialah semua anak yang dirawat dan didiagnosis AKI. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 121 pasien dengan diagnosis AKI, usia 1 bulan-18 tahun, laki-laki 53,7%, perempuan 46,3%. AKI pre-renal 61,1%, AKI renal 38,9%. Demam 75,3%, sesak napas 61,2%, edema 49,7%, oliguria 93,3%, proteinuria 54,5%, azotemia 100,0%, hematuria mikroskopis 61,2%, leukosituria 43,8%, hiponatremia 53,0%, hipokalsemia 47,2%, hipokloremia 48,0%, sepsis 42,1%, syok sepsis 17,3%, dan asidosis metabolik 2,4%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah AKI ditemukan tersering pada rentang usia 11-15 tahun, lebih sering pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan, etiologi terbanyak ialah AKI pre-renal, gejala klinis tersering ialah oliguria, demam dan sesak napas. Pemeriksaan laboratorium tersering ditemukan azotemia, hematuria, proteinuria, serta leukosituria. Kata kunci: acute kidney injury; anak; gangguan ginjal akut; komplikasi

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在万鸦老 R. D. Kandou 教授医院儿科接受治疗的儿童急性肾损伤概况

摘要：急性肾损伤（AKI）是一种临床症状，表现为肌酐和尿素水平升高以及肾小球滤过率（GFR）下降。本研究旨在确定 2020 年 1 月至 2023 年 8 月期间在万鸦老 R. D. Kandou 教授综合医院儿科住院的儿童的急性肾损伤概况。这是一项回顾性和描述性研究，采用观察法和横断面设计。样本包括所有被诊断为急性肾脏损伤的儿童。研究结果显示，共有121名年龄在1个月至18岁之间的AKI患者，其中男性占53.7%，女性占46.3%。肾前性 AKI 占 61.1%，肾性 AKI 占 38.9%。常见的临床特征包括发热（75.3%）、呼吸窘迫（61.2%）、水肿（49.7%）、少尿（93.3%）、蛋白尿（54.5%）、氮质血症（100.0%）、镜下血尿（61.2%）、白细胞尿（43.8%）、低钠血症（53.0%）、低钙血症（47.2%）、低氯血症（48.0%）、败血症（42.1%）、脓毒性休克（17.3%）和代谢性酸中毒（2.4%）。总之，AKI 最常见于 11-15 岁年龄组，男性发病率高于女性。最常见的病因是肾前性 AKI，少尿、发热和呼吸困难是最常见的临床症状。关键词：急性肾损伤；儿童；临床特征；并发症 Abstrak：急性肾损伤（AKI）是指肾小球滤过率（LFG）和尿素升高。2020年1月至2023年8月期间，R.D. Kandou Manado教授将在RSUP的Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak实验室为患者进行AKI检查。该项目是一个回顾性和观察性的项目，旨在了解林塘的情况。其中的研究对象是诊断为 AKI 的半数患者。有121名患者被诊断为AKI，年龄在1至18岁之间，其中53.7%为轻度，46.3%为中度。肾前性 AKI 61.1%，肾性 AKI 38.9%。肾功能损害 75.3%，肾功能衰竭 61.2%，水肿 49.7%，少尿 93.3%，蛋白尿 54.5%，氮质血症 100.0%，镜下血尿 61.2%，白细胞尿 43.8%，臀部血尿 53.0%，臀部血症 47.2%，臀部血尿 48.0%，败血症 42.1%，脓毒败血症 17.3%，代谢紊乱 2.4%。目前的研究结果表明，AKI 的发病时间为 11-15 年，发病年龄为青少年，病因为肾前性 AKI，临床表现为少尿、乏力和乏力。实验室检测指标包括氮质血症、血尿、蛋白尿和白细胞增多症。

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Medical Scope Journal

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