Anti-inflammatory Effects of Carissa spiranum Mediated via Attenuation of Leucocyte Migration

Abstract

Inflammation is a physiological process vital for pathogen elimination and tissue repair. However, left untreated, it can cause undesirable effects. There are several methods for management of the condition, including traditional remedies from plant sources that are thought to have few deleterious effects on the body, as is the case with steroids and NSAIDs. One of the plants widely used is Carissa spiranum, though little has been done to determine the effects of purified extracts on the condition and their mode of action. The present study investigated the effects of purified plant extract and its flavonoid-rich fraction on inflammation and leukocyte migration in mice. Formalin and carrageenan were used as the phlogistic substances in inflammation induction and leukocyte migration, respectively. While diclofenac sodium and dexamethasone were used as standard drugs. The diameter of the paw edema induced in the left hind paw of mice was measured and quantified as the edema developed in mice, while the number of leucocytes in peritoneal fluid lavage after pretreatment with carrageenan and determined with improved Neubauer chamber was used in the determination of the extent of leucocyte migration. The extracts exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in paw edema diameter and delayed leucocyte migration compared to the vehicle. These observations suggest that the plant extracts may contain compounds that exert their anti-inflammatory effects via attenuation of leucocyte migration.