Concentration, Pollution Level, and Sources of Heavy Metals from Household Dust in Ramadi City, Iraq

IF 0.4 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI:10.3233/ajw240032

Fatima Khalil Ibrahim, Hind Khalid Mustafa, Amal A. Mohammed, E. Al-Heety

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Abstract

Researchers and environmental managers have been interested in household dust pollution because exposure to heavy metals has a detrimental effect on health. This study aims to determine heavy metals concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), pollution level, and their potential sources in the household dust of Ramadi City, Iraq. The dust was collected from 35 houses. The atomic absorption spectrophotometry method was used to measure concentrations of heavy metals in the dust. The following was the order of the heavy metal mean concentration: Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd. These metals’ mean concentrations are below background guidelines. The descending order of the EF values for the measured metals is as follows: Ni (6.35) > Cu (5.40) > Pb (1.53 > Cr (1.24) > Zn (1.14) > Cd (0.84). Results of the calculation of CF for metals measured in house dust in Ramadi City showed values of less than 1 (CF < 1 indicating a minimum contamination level. Based on the results of multivariate statistics (correlation matrix, cluster and principle components analysis), sources of Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn are indoor anthropogenic sources while the sources of Cd and Pb are outdoor anthropogenic.

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伊拉克拉马迪市家庭灰尘中重金属的浓度、污染程度和来源

研究人员和环境管理人员一直对家庭灰尘污染很感兴趣，因为接触重金属会对健康产生不利影响。本研究旨在确定伊拉克拉马迪市家庭灰尘中的重金属（镉、铬、铜、镍、铅和锌）浓度、污染程度及其潜在来源。研究从 35 所房屋中收集了灰尘。采用原子吸收分光光度法测量灰尘中的重金属浓度。重金属平均浓度的顺序如下锌 > 镍 > 铜 > 铅 > 铬 > 镉。这些金属的平均浓度均低于背景准则。测得金属的 EF 值降序如下镍 (6.35) > 铜 (5.40) > 铅 (1.53) > 铬 (1.24) > 锌 (1.14) > 镉 (0.84)。拉马迪市房屋灰尘中金属含量的 CF 值计算结果小于 1（CF < 1 表示污染程度最低）。根据多元统计（相关矩阵、聚类分析和主要成分分析）的结果，铬、铜、镍和锌的来源为室内人为来源，而镉和铅的来源为室外人为来源。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

20.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Asia, as a whole region, faces severe stress on water availability, primarily due to high population density. Many regions of the continent face severe problems of water pollution on local as well as regional scale and these have to be tackled with a pan-Asian approach. However, the available literature on the subject is generally based on research done in Europe and North America. Therefore, there is an urgent and strong need for an Asian journal with its focus on the region and wherein the region specific problems are addressed in an intelligent manner. In Asia, besides water, there are several other issues related to environment, such as; global warming and its impact; intense land/use and shifting pattern of agriculture; issues related to fertilizer applications and pesticide residues in soil and water; and solid and liquid waste management particularly in industrial and urban areas. Asia is also a region with intense mining activities whereby serious environmental problems related to land/use, loss of top soil, water pollution and acid mine drainage are faced by various communities. Essentially, Asians are confronted with environmental problems on many fronts. Many pressing issues in the region interlink various aspects of environmental problems faced by population in this densely habited region in the world. Pollution is one such serious issue for many countries since there are many transnational water bodies that spread the pollutants across the entire region. Water, environment and pollution together constitute a three axial problem that all concerned people in the region would like to focus on.