Impact of Time from Injury to Surgery on Postoperative Functional Recovery in Large Volume Traumatic Extradural Hematomas

Abstract

Background In traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, the time from trauma to cranial surgery is always of great concern to patients and neurosurgeons. Patients and Methods A retrospective study conducted on 93 TBI patients presented with Glasgow Coma Scale from 4 to 13 and were operated for large volume (≥ 40 cm3) extradural hematoma (EDH) from July 2020 to December 2022. Surgery was done either within 6 hours following trauma (group A) or later than 6 hours (group B). We evaluated the impact of time from injury to surgery on postoperative clinical recovery, survival, and hospital stay. Results Fifty patients (53.8%) were operated upon within 6 hours after trauma and 43 patients (46.2%) had operations later than 6 hours. No significant difference was found between the two study groups regarding any of the preoperative clinical or radiological factors except for the mean time from injury to surgery (p < 0.001). Delayed surgery > 6 hours was significantly associated with higher postoperative mortality (p = 0.014). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in patients operated ≤ 6 hours (p = 0.006). Patients operated ≤ 6 hours showed significantly favorable functional recovery both at discharge (p = 0.010) and after 1 month of follow-up (p = 0.023). Conclusion Timely surgical intervention for large volume traumatic EDH is the gold standard. Early surgery “within 6 hours from trauma” not only can save patients' life but also is significantly associated with postoperative favorable clinical recovery, low morbidity, and short hospital stay.