Current and future immunotherapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer treatment.

IF 29.5 1区 医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY
Pooya Farhangnia, Hossein Khorramdelazad, Hamid Nickho, Ali-Akbar Delbandi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death, but despondently, the outlook and prognosis for this resistant type of tumor have remained grim for a long time. Currently, it is extremely challenging to prevent or detect it early enough for effective treatment because patients rarely exhibit symptoms and there are no reliable indicators for detection. Most patients have advanced or spreading cancer that is difficult to treat, and treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can only slightly prolong their life by a few months. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of pancreatic cancer, yet its effectiveness is limited by the tumor's immunosuppressive and hard-to-reach microenvironment. First, this article explains the immunosuppressive microenvironment of pancreatic cancer and highlights a wide range of immunotherapy options, including therapies involving oncolytic viruses, modified T cells (T-cell receptor [TCR]-engineered and chimeric antigen receptor [CAR] T-cell therapy), CAR natural killer cell therapy, cytokine-induced killer cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulators, cancer vaccines, and strategies targeting myeloid cells in the context of contemporary knowledge and future trends. Lastly, it discusses the main challenges ahead of pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.

当前和未来的胰腺癌免疫治疗方法。
胰腺癌是导致癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一,但令人沮丧的是,长期以来,这种抗药性肿瘤的前景和预后仍然十分黯淡。目前,由于患者很少表现出症状,也没有可靠的检测指标,因此要预防或及早发现胰腺癌以进行有效治疗极具挑战性。大多数患者的癌症已发展到晚期或扩散期,难以治疗,化疗和放疗等治疗方法只能稍微延长患者几个月的生命。免疫疗法为胰腺癌的治疗带来了革命性的变化,但其有效性受到肿瘤免疫抑制和难以到达的微环境的限制。首先,本文解释了胰腺癌的免疫抑制微环境,并重点介绍了多种免疫疗法选择,包括溶瘤病毒疗法、改良T细胞疗法(T细胞受体[TCR]工程化和嵌合抗原受体[CAR]T细胞疗法)、CAR自然杀伤细胞疗法、细胞免疫疗法(T细胞受体[TCR]工程化和嵌合抗原受体[CAR]T细胞疗法)、CAR 自然杀伤细胞疗法、细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞、免疫检查点抑制剂、免疫调节剂、癌症疫苗以及针对髓系细胞的策略。最后,它还讨论了胰腺癌免疫疗法面临的主要挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
48.10
自引率
2.10%
发文量
169
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Hematology & Oncology, an open-access journal, publishes high-quality research covering all aspects of hematology and oncology, including reviews and research highlights on "hot topics" by leading experts. Given the close relationship and rapid evolution of hematology and oncology, the journal aims to meet the demand for a dedicated platform for publishing discoveries from both fields. It serves as an international platform for sharing laboratory and clinical findings among laboratory scientists, physician scientists, hematologists, and oncologists in an open-access format. With a rapid turnaround time from submission to publication, the journal facilitates real-time sharing of knowledge and new successes.
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