Bulk T-cell receptor sequencing confirms clonality in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome and may as a potential biomarker.

Abstract

The heterogeneity of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire critically influences the autoimmune response in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) and is intimately associated with the prophylaxis of autoimmune disorders. Investigating the TCR diversity patterns in patients with OAPS is thus of paramount clinical importance. This investigation procured peripheral blood specimens from 31 individuals with OAPS, 21 patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 22 healthy controls (HC), proceeding with TCR repertoire sequencing. Concurrently, adverse pregnancy outcomes in the OAPS cohort were monitored and documented over an 18-month timeframe. We paid particular attention to disparities in V/J gene utilisation and the prevalence of shared clonotypes amongst OAPS patients and the comparative groups. When juxtaposed with observations from healthy controls and SLE patients, immune repertoire sequencing disclosed irregular T- and B-cell profiles and a contraction of diversity within the OAPS group. Marked variances were found in the genomic rearrangements of the V gene, J gene, and V/J combinations. Utilising a specialised TCRβ repertoire, we crafted a predictive model for OAPS classification with robust discriminative capability (AUC = 0.852). Our research unveils alterations in the TCR repertoire among OAPS patients for the first time, positing potential covert autoimmune underpinnings. These findings nominate the TCR repertoire as a prospective peripheral blood biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of OAPS and may offer valuable insights for advancing the understanding of OAPS immunologic mechanisms and prognostic outcomes.