A Comprehensive Review of the Pathophysiology of Depression

Mariam Fouad, Mariane Tadros, Haidy Michel
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Pathophysiology of Depression","authors":"Mariam Fouad, Mariane Tadros, Haidy Michel","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.271710.1160","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Depression is a common serious mood disorder, which spreads all over the world and is the leading cause of disability. It is mainly characterized by a loss of interest and hope in life. Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of depression remains incompletely understood. So understanding the pathophysiology of depression is crucial to developing effective treatment strategies, which helps in the improvement of the patient’s quality of life and prevents the recurrence. In this review, different mechanisms contributing to the onset, progression, and persistence of depressive symptoms are explained; such as neurotransmitter imbalances, particularly serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine as well as neuroinflammation, endocrine disturbances, genetic predisposition, neurostructural changes, Glutamatergic and GABAergic alterations, and finally circadian rhythm disturbances. All these mechanisms were found to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression but unfortunately, it varies between patients, so further studies are required to know much more about the intricate mechanisms and thus develop novel treatments that can make a breakthrough in the treatment and prevention of depression.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2024.271710.1160","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Depression is a common serious mood disorder, which spreads all over the world and is the leading cause of disability. It is mainly characterized by a loss of interest and hope in life. Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of depression remains incompletely understood. So understanding the pathophysiology of depression is crucial to developing effective treatment strategies, which helps in the improvement of the patient’s quality of life and prevents the recurrence. In this review, different mechanisms contributing to the onset, progression, and persistence of depressive symptoms are explained; such as neurotransmitter imbalances, particularly serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine as well as neuroinflammation, endocrine disturbances, genetic predisposition, neurostructural changes, Glutamatergic and GABAergic alterations, and finally circadian rhythm disturbances. All these mechanisms were found to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression but unfortunately, it varies between patients, so further studies are required to know much more about the intricate mechanisms and thus develop novel treatments that can make a breakthrough in the treatment and prevention of depression.
抑郁症病理生理学全面回顾
抑郁症是一种常见的严重情绪障碍,遍布全球,是导致残疾的主要原因。它的主要特征是对生活失去兴趣和希望。尽管经过数十年的研究,人们对抑郁症的病理生理学仍然知之甚少。因此,了解抑郁症的病理生理学对于制定有效的治疗策略至关重要,有助于改善患者的生活质量并防止复发。本综述解释了导致抑郁症状发生、发展和持续的不同机制,如神经递质(尤其是血清素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺)失衡、神经炎症、内分泌紊乱、遗传易感性、神经结构变化、谷氨酸能和 GABA 能改变,以及昼夜节律紊乱。研究发现,所有这些机制都与抑郁症的病理生理学有关,但不幸的是,不同患者的情况各不相同,因此需要进一步研究,以了解更多的复杂机制,从而开发出新型治疗方法,在治疗和预防抑郁症方面取得突破。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
15
审稿时长
12 weeks
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信