BPS invariants from p-adic integrals

Abstract

We define $p$-adic $\mathrm {BPS}$ or $p\mathrm {BPS}$ invariants for moduli spaces $\operatorname {M}_{\beta,\chi }$ of one-dimensional sheaves on del Pezzo and K3 surfaces by means of integration over a non-archimedean local field $F$. Our definition relies on a canonical measure $\mu _{\rm can}$ on the $F$-analytic manifold associated to $\operatorname {M}_{\beta,\chi }$ and the $p\mathrm {BPS}$ invariants are integrals of natural ${\mathbb {G}}_m$ gerbes with respect to $\mu _{\rm can}$. A similar construction can be done for meromorphic and usual Higgs bundles on a curve. Our main theorem is a $\chi$-independence result for these $p\mathrm {BPS}$ invariants. For one-dimensional sheaves on del Pezzo surfaces and meromorphic Higgs bundles, we obtain as a corollary the agreement of $p\mathrm {BPS}$ with usual $\mathrm {BPS}$ invariants through a result of Maulik and Shen [Cohomological $\chi$-independence for moduli of one-dimensional sheaves and moduli of Higgs bundles, Geom. Topol. 27 (2023), 1539–1586].