Robust 1-norm Periodograms for Analysis of Noisy Non-Gaussian Time Series with Irregular Cadences: Application to VLBI Astrometry of Quasars

IF 3.3 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Valeri V. Makarov, Sébastien Lambert, Phil Cigan, Christopher DiLullo and David Gordon
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Abstract

Astronomical time series often have non-uniform sampling in time, or irregular cadences, with long gaps separating clusters of observations. Some of these data sets are also explicitly non-Gaussian with respect to the expected model fit, or the simple mean. The standard Lomb–Scargle periodogram is based on the least squares solution for a set of test periods and, therefore, is easily corrupted by a subset of statistical outliers or an intrinsically non-Gaussian population. It can produce completely misleading results for heavy-tailed distribution of residuals. We propose a robust 1-norm periodogram technique, which is based on the principles of robust statistical estimation. This technique can be implemented in weighted or unweighted options. The method is described in detail and compared with the classical least squares periodogram on a set of astrometric VLBI measurements of the ICRF quasar IERS B0642+449. It is uniformly applied to a collection of 259 ICRF3 quasars each with more than 200 epoch VLBI measurements, resulting in a list of 49 objects with quasi-periodic position changes above the 3σ level, which warrant further investigation.
用于分析具有不规则节奏的噪声非高斯时间序列的稳健 1 正态周期图:类星体 VLBI 天体测量学的应用
天文时间序列通常具有非均匀的时间采样,或不规则的节奏,观测数据集群之间有很长的间隔。这些数据集中,有一些与预期的模型拟合或简单平均值相比,也具有明显的非高斯性。标准的 Lomb-Scargle 周期图是基于一组测试周期的最小二乘法求解,因此很容易被统计异常值子集或本质上的非高斯群体所破坏。对于残差的重尾分布,它可能会产生完全误导的结果。我们提出了一种基于稳健统计估计原理的稳健 1 正态周期图技术。该技术可在加权或非加权选项中实施。我们对该方法进行了详细描述,并将其与经典的最小二乘法周期图进行了比较,比较的对象是一组对ICRF类星体IERS B0642+449的天体测量VLBI测量结果。该方法被统一应用于 259 个 ICRF3 类星体集合,每个类星体都有超过 200 个历元的 VLBI 测量值,最后得出了 49 个具有超过 3σ 水平的准周期位置变化的天体列表,这些天体值得进一步研究。
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来源期刊
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
5.70%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP), the technical journal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP), has been published regularly since 1889, and is an integral part of the ASP''s mission to advance the science of astronomy and disseminate astronomical information. The journal provides an outlet for astronomical results of a scientific nature and serves to keep readers in touch with current astronomical research. It contains refereed research and instrumentation articles, invited and contributed reviews, tutorials, and dissertation summaries.
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