Temporal trade-off between territorial and thermoregulatory behaviors of a generalist lizard in a dry forest

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Israel Valencia-Esquivel, Lynna Marie Kiere, Marcela Osorio-Beristain
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Abstract

When animals are exposed to higher-than-optimal temperatures, they are expected to thermoregulate by decreasing their activity and seeking cooler areas. However, individuals of certain species continue performing reproductive behaviors instead of thermoregulatory behaviors during challenging conditions. This trade-off has been demonstrated in aquatic animals, but not in terrestrial ectotherms. This research gap is important given the relevance of survival-reproduction trade-offs in evolutionary ecology and the pace of current habitat warming. We explored this potential trade-off in territorial males of the lizard Sceloporus ochoterenae, which mate during the hot-dry season in seasonally dry tropical forest. We first assessed the existence of a temporal trade-off between performing push-ups (territorial behavioral display) versus sheltering in the shade (thermoregulatory behavior), then used confirmatory path analysis to explore how it was affected by tree cover, microclimate temperature, and the presence of a conspecific intruder. We found that territories with less tree cover had higher microclimate temperatures, where focal males spent more time performing push-ups at the expense of sheltering in the shade. Focal males also spent more time performing push-ups the longer an intruder was present, who was also affected by the environmental variables. Territorial males spent more time in sunny spots when performing push-ups despite the potential loss of moisture and energy reserves, perhaps because the display is more effective when performed in the open. The potential effects of continued habitat warming on this trade-off could intensify it or driving lizards to change their daily activity rhythms.

Abstract Image

干旱森林中一种通性蜥蜴的领地行为与体温调节行为之间的时间权衡
当动物暴露在高于最佳温度的环境中时,它们会通过减少活动和寻找凉爽的地方来进行体温调节。然而,某些物种的个体在挑战性条件下会继续进行繁殖行为,而不是体温调节行为。这种权衡已在水生动物中得到证实,但在陆生外温动物中尚未得到证实。鉴于生存-繁殖权衡在进化生态学中的相关性以及当前栖息地变暖的速度,这一研究空白非常重要。我们在领地雄性蜥蜴 Sceloporus ochoterenae 中探索了这种潜在的权衡,这种雄性蜥蜴在干热季节在季节性干旱的热带森林中交配。我们首先评估了做俯卧撑(领地行为展示)与躲在树荫下(体温调节行为)之间是否存在时间上的权衡,然后使用确证路径分析探讨了树木覆盖率、小气候温度和同种入侵者的存在对权衡的影响。我们发现,树木覆盖较少的领地微气候温度较高,在这些领地中,焦点雄性花更多的时间做俯卧撑,而不在树荫下躲避。入侵者出现的时间越长,焦点雄性做俯卧撑的时间也越长,入侵者也受到环境变量的影响。领地雄性在做俯卧撑时,尽管可能会损失水分和能量储备,但在阳光充足的地方花费的时间更多,这可能是因为在开阔地做俯卧撑更有效。栖息地持续变暖对这种权衡的潜在影响可能会加剧这种权衡,或促使蜥蜴改变它们的日常活动节奏。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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