Effects of walnut consumption for 2 years on older adults' bone health in the Walnuts and Healthy Aging (WAHA) trial

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI:10.1111/jgs.19007

Carla Oliver-Pons Msc, Aleix Sala-Vila PhD, Montserrat Cofán PhD, Mercè Serra-Mir RD, Irene Roth PhD, Cinta Valls-Pedret PhD, Mònica Domènech MD, PhD, Emilio Ortega MD, PhD, Sujatha Rajaram PhD, Joan Sabaté PhD, Emilio Ros MD, PhD, Gemma Chiva-Blanch PhD

{"title":"Effects of walnut consumption for 2 years on older adults' bone health in the Walnuts and Healthy Aging (WAHA) trial","authors":"Carla Oliver-Pons Msc, Aleix Sala-Vila PhD, Montserrat Cofán PhD, Mercè Serra-Mir RD, Irene Roth PhD, Cinta Valls-Pedret PhD, Mònica Domènech MD, PhD, Emilio Ortega MD, PhD, Sujatha Rajaram PhD, Joan Sabaté PhD, Emilio Ros MD, PhD, Gemma Chiva-Blanch PhD","doi":"10.1111/jgs.19007","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Nutritional strategies to maintain bone health in aging individuals are of great interest. Given the beneficial nutrient composition of walnuts, rich in alpha-linolenic (the vegetable n-3 fatty acid) and polyphenols, their regular consumption might be a dietary option to reduce age-related bone loss. We determined whether daily walnut consumption improves bone mineral density (BMD) and circulating biomarkers of bone turnover.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>The Walnuts and Healthy Aging study (WAHA) is a two-center, parallel, randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a diet enriched with walnuts at ≈15% energy compared with a control diet for 2 years on age-related health outcomes in healthy men and women aged 63–79 years. Changes in BMD were a prespecified secondary outcome only at the Barcelona node of the trial, where 352 participants were randomized. Retention rate was 92.6%. Primary endpoints were 2-year changes in BMD at the spine and the nondominant femoral neck, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary endpoints were 2-year changes in bone turnover biomarkers (adrenocorticotropic hormone, Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor-1, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor-23), which were quantified in 211 randomly selected participants.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>The walnut diet versus the control diet had no effect on 2-year changes in BMD at the spine (0.15% vs. 0.35%, <i>p</i> = 0.632) and femoral neck (−0.90% vs. −0.70%, <i>p</i> = 0.653), or on bone turnover biomarkers. Results were similar in participants treated or not with bone resorption inhibitors or those with or without osteoporosis/osteopenia at inclusion.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Compared with the usual diet, a diet enriched with walnuts at 15% of energy for 2 years failed to improve BMD or circulating markers of bone metabolism in healthy older people.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":17240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jgs.19007","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jgs.19007","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Nutritional strategies to maintain bone health in aging individuals are of great interest. Given the beneficial nutrient composition of walnuts, rich in alpha-linolenic (the vegetable n-3 fatty acid) and polyphenols, their regular consumption might be a dietary option to reduce age-related bone loss. We determined whether daily walnut consumption improves bone mineral density (BMD) and circulating biomarkers of bone turnover.

Methods

The Walnuts and Healthy Aging study (WAHA) is a two-center, parallel, randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a diet enriched with walnuts at ≈15% energy compared with a control diet for 2 years on age-related health outcomes in healthy men and women aged 63–79 years. Changes in BMD were a prespecified secondary outcome only at the Barcelona node of the trial, where 352 participants were randomized. Retention rate was 92.6%. Primary endpoints were 2-year changes in BMD at the spine and the nondominant femoral neck, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary endpoints were 2-year changes in bone turnover biomarkers (adrenocorticotropic hormone, Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor-1, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor-23), which were quantified in 211 randomly selected participants.

Results

The walnut diet versus the control diet had no effect on 2-year changes in BMD at the spine (0.15% vs. 0.35%, p = 0.632) and femoral neck (−0.90% vs. −0.70%, p = 0.653), or on bone turnover biomarkers. Results were similar in participants treated or not with bone resorption inhibitors or those with or without osteoporosis/osteopenia at inclusion.

Conclusions

Compared with the usual diet, a diet enriched with walnuts at 15% of energy for 2 years failed to improve BMD or circulating markers of bone metabolism in healthy older people.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

在核桃与健康老龄化 (WAHA) 试验中，连续两年食用核桃对老年人骨骼健康的影响。

背景：保持老年人骨骼健康的营养策略备受关注。鉴于核桃富含α-亚麻酸（植物 n-3 脂肪酸）和多酚，其营养成分对人体有益，因此经常食用核桃可能是减少与年龄相关的骨质流失的一种饮食选择。我们测定了每天食用核桃是否能改善骨矿物质密度（BMD）和骨转换的循环生物标志物：核桃与健康老龄化研究 (WAHA) 是一项双中心、平行、随机对照试验，旨在评估能量≈15% 的核桃膳食与对照膳食相比对 63-79 岁健康男性和女性年龄相关健康结果的影响。只有在试验的巴塞罗那节点，BMD 的变化才是预设的次要结果。保留率为 92.6%。主要终点是脊柱和非支配股骨颈处 BMD 的 2 年变化，由双能 X 光吸收测定法（DXA）确定。次要终点是骨质流失生物标志物（促肾上腺皮质激素、Dickkopf WNT 信号通路抑制剂-1、骨保护素、骨钙素、骨软骨素、硬骨素、甲状旁腺激素和成纤维细胞生长因子-23）的 2 年变化，对随机挑选的 211 名参与者进行量化：核桃膳食与对照膳食相比，对脊柱（0.15% 对 0.35%，p = 0.632）和股骨颈（-0.90% 对 -0.70%，p = 0.653）BMD 的 2 年变化或骨转换生物标志物没有影响。对于是否接受过骨吸收抑制剂治疗或纳入时是否患有骨质疏松症/骨质疏松症的参与者，结果相似：结论：与普通饮食相比，在 2 年的饮食中摄入 15% 能量的核桃不能改善健康老年人的 BMD 或骨代谢循环标志物。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

6.30%

发文量

504

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) is the go-to journal for clinical aging research. We provide a diverse, interprofessional community of healthcare professionals with the latest insights on geriatrics education, clinical practice, and public policy—all supporting the high-quality, person-centered care essential to our well-being as we age. Since the publication of our first edition in 1953, JAGS has remained one of the oldest and most impactful journals dedicated exclusively to gerontology and geriatrics.