{"title":"The two environmental drivers of thermoregulatory costs: Interactions between thermal mean and heterogeneity influence thermoregulation","authors":"Rachel L. Chan, Mitchell Hodgson, Lisa E. Schwanz","doi":"10.1111/1365-2435.14596","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>\n \n </p><p>Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.</p>","PeriodicalId":172,"journal":{"name":"Functional Ecology","volume":"38 8","pages":"1697-1707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2435.14596","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Functional Ecology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.14596","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
1 引言 对于外温动物来说,获得最佳体温是支持生长、繁殖和生存的生理过程所必需的,最终使种群得以持续生存(Angilletta 等人,2002 年;Brewster 等人,2013 年;Cowles & Bogert, 1944 年;Herczeg 等人,2006 年;Vickers 等人,2011 年)。因此,外温动物种群极易受到环境温度变化的不利影响(Sinervo 等人,2010 年)。在温度均一的环境中(如海洋或陆地闭冠森林),平均温度的变化会对动物造成威胁,因为动物无法进入喜欢的温度区域(如 Abdo 等人,2012 年)。与此相反,热异质性栖息地由于热微生境的存在而在整个空间分布着不同的温度。尽管人们越来越重视个体和种群的热异质性(Basson等人,2017年;Christian等人,2006年;Christian & Weavers,1996年;Sears等人,2016年;Sears & Angle等人,2016年),但热异质性的存在并不意味着它们可以适应不同的温度、热异质性为行为体温调节创造了机会,个体通过在热微栖地之间移动以将体温维持在最佳范围内(相对于与直接环境温度相适应的体温调节;Angilletta et al、2002;Avery 等人,1982;Cowles & Bogert,1944;Huey,1982;Sears & Angilletta,2015)。体温调节行为的最佳程度被认为是由体温调节的成本和效益平衡所驱动的,而成本和效益在平均环境温度的梯度上各不相同(Angilletta,2009;Huey & Slatkin,1976)。当体温达到最佳体温时,会产生最大的益处(即最佳生理表现)。衡量成本则更为复杂。体温调节会产生能量成本、机会成本以及寻找和进入温度有利的微生境所产生的风险,所有这些都会导致死亡率增加或繁殖力降低(例如,增加捕食者的显眼度、减少觅食时间、减少交配机会;Alford & Lutterschmidt, 2012; Basson et al、2017;Brewster 等人,2013;Sears & Angilletta, 2015;Sinervo 等人,2010;Vickers 等人,2011)。直观地说,当平均环境温度偏离物种的最佳体温时,这些体温调节成本必然会增加(Huey & Slatkin,1976 年)。然而,在决定体温调节成本方面,环境的热异质性很可能与热平均值一样起着关键作用(图 1 及下图;Basson 等人,2017 年;Huey & Slatkin,1976 年;Sears & Angilletta,2015 年)。因此,热环境的两个属性会影响体温调节的成本(Huey & Slatkin,1976 年):(1) 热微生境的异质性和 (2) 平均环境温度与最佳体温的偏差。虽然这两种环境属性最终都会影响热微生境的分布,但对它们进行区分是很重要的,因为改变每种属性都会导致最佳体温调节的不同预测变化。图 1在图形浏览器中打开PowerPoint环境异质性(a 与 b)和平均环境温度(a 和 b,X 轴)被认为会影响体温调节的成本(a 和 b,黑色曲线)。密度图显示了不同温度变化的环境:高异质性(a)或低异质性(b)。在每个面板中,显示了平均环境温度不同但异质性相似的三种环境(例如,同一栖息地在一年中的不同时间)。密度图是本研究试验中的经验环境温度。灰色垂直线代表最佳体温的范围(此处为颌龙的设定温度范围)。如黑色曲线所示,在这两幅图中,当栖息地的平均环境温度从最佳温度范围下降时,获得最佳体温的成本就会增加。当环境异质性较低时(b),与环境异质性较高时(a)相比,假设的体温调节成本在远离最佳体温时增加得更快。驱动体温调节成本的第一个环境属性--异质性--决定了当环境偏离最佳环境时成本增加的陡峭程度(例如成本函数的 "斜率",图 1;Huey & Slatkin,1976;Sears & Angilletta,2015)。
期刊介绍:
Functional Ecology publishes high-impact papers that enable a mechanistic understanding of ecological pattern and process from the organismic to the ecosystem scale. Because of the multifaceted nature of this challenge, papers can be based on a wide range of approaches. Thus, manuscripts may vary from physiological, genetics, life-history, and behavioural perspectives for organismal studies to community and biogeochemical studies when the goal is to understand ecosystem and larger scale ecological phenomena. We believe that the diverse nature of our journal is a strength, not a weakness, and we are open-minded about the variety of data, research approaches and types of studies that we publish. Certain key areas will continue to be emphasized: studies that integrate genomics with ecology, studies that examine how key aspects of physiology (e.g., stress) impact the ecology of animals and plants, or vice versa, and how evolution shapes interactions among function and ecological traits. Ecology has increasingly moved towards the realization that organismal traits and activities are vital for understanding community dynamics and ecosystem processes, particularly in response to the rapid global changes occurring in earth’s environment, and Functional Ecology aims to publish such integrative papers.