Full quantum tomography study of Google’s Sycamore gate on IBM’s quantum computers

IF 5.8 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS
Muhammad AbuGhanem, Hichem Eleuch
{"title":"Full quantum tomography study of Google’s Sycamore gate on IBM’s quantum computers","authors":"Muhammad AbuGhanem,&nbsp;Hichem Eleuch","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00248-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The potential of achieving computational hardware with quantum advantage depends heavily on the quality of quantum gate operations. However, the presence of imperfect two-qubit gates poses a significant challenge and acts as a major obstacle in developing scalable quantum information processors. Google’s Quantum AI and collaborators claimed to have conducted a supremacy regime experiment. In this experiment, a new two-qubit universal gate called the <i>Sycamore</i> gate is constructed and employed to generate random quantum circuits (RQCs), using a programmable quantum processor with 53 qubits. These computations were carried out in a computational state space of size <span>\\(9 \\times 10^{15}\\)</span>. Nevertheless, even in strictly-controlled laboratory settings, quantum information on quantum processors is susceptible to various disturbances, including undesired interaction with the surroundings and imperfections in the quantum state. To address this issue, we conduct both quantum state tomography (QST) and quantum process tomography (QPT) experiments on Google’s <i>Sycamore</i> gate using different artificial architectural superconducting quantum computer. Furthermore, to demonstrate how errors affect gate fidelity at the level of quantum circuits, we design and conduct full QST experiments for the five-qubit eight-cycle circuit, which was introduced as an example of the programability of Google’s <i>Sycamore</i> quantum processor. These quantum tomography experiments are conducted in three distinct environments: noise-free, noisy simulation, and on IBM Quantum’s genuine quantum computer. Our results offer valuable insights into the performance of IBM Quantum’s hardware and the robustness of <i>Sycamore</i> gates within this experimental setup. These findings contribute to our understanding of quantum hardware performance and provide valuable information for optimizing quantum algorithms for practical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00248-8","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"EPJ Quantum Technology","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00248-8","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OPTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

The potential of achieving computational hardware with quantum advantage depends heavily on the quality of quantum gate operations. However, the presence of imperfect two-qubit gates poses a significant challenge and acts as a major obstacle in developing scalable quantum information processors. Google’s Quantum AI and collaborators claimed to have conducted a supremacy regime experiment. In this experiment, a new two-qubit universal gate called the Sycamore gate is constructed and employed to generate random quantum circuits (RQCs), using a programmable quantum processor with 53 qubits. These computations were carried out in a computational state space of size \(9 \times 10^{15}\). Nevertheless, even in strictly-controlled laboratory settings, quantum information on quantum processors is susceptible to various disturbances, including undesired interaction with the surroundings and imperfections in the quantum state. To address this issue, we conduct both quantum state tomography (QST) and quantum process tomography (QPT) experiments on Google’s Sycamore gate using different artificial architectural superconducting quantum computer. Furthermore, to demonstrate how errors affect gate fidelity at the level of quantum circuits, we design and conduct full QST experiments for the five-qubit eight-cycle circuit, which was introduced as an example of the programability of Google’s Sycamore quantum processor. These quantum tomography experiments are conducted in three distinct environments: noise-free, noisy simulation, and on IBM Quantum’s genuine quantum computer. Our results offer valuable insights into the performance of IBM Quantum’s hardware and the robustness of Sycamore gates within this experimental setup. These findings contribute to our understanding of quantum hardware performance and provide valuable information for optimizing quantum algorithms for practical applications.

在 IBM 量子计算机上对谷歌梧桐门进行全量子层析研究
实现具有量子优势的计算硬件的潜力在很大程度上取决于量子门操作的质量。然而,不完美的双量子比特门的存在带来了巨大挑战,成为开发可扩展量子信息处理器的主要障碍。谷歌的量子人工智能与合作者声称已经进行了一次至高机制实验。在这项实验中,他们构建了一个名为 "梧桐门 "的新型双量子比特通用门,并利用一个拥有 53 个量子比特的可编程量子处理器来生成随机量子电路(RQC)。这些计算是在一个大小为(9乘以10^{15}\)的计算状态空间中进行的。然而,即使在严格控制的实验室环境中,量子处理器上的量子信息也很容易受到各种干扰,包括与周围环境的意外交互和量子态的不完美。为了解决这个问题,我们使用不同的人工架构超导量子计算机,在谷歌梧桐门上进行了量子态层析成像(QST)和量子过程层析成像(QPT)实验。此外,为了证明误差如何影响量子电路层面的栅极保真度,我们为五量子比特八周期电路设计并进行了完整的量子态层析成像(QST)实验,该电路是作为谷歌 Sycamore 量子处理器可编程性的一个例子引入的。这些量子层析成像实验在三种不同的环境中进行:无噪声、噪声模拟以及 IBM Quantum 真正的量子计算机。我们的结果为了解 IBM Quantum 硬件的性能以及 Sycamore 门在此实验设置中的鲁棒性提供了宝贵的见解。这些发现有助于我们了解量子硬件的性能,并为优化实际应用中的量子算法提供了宝贵的信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
EPJ Quantum Technology
EPJ Quantum Technology Physics and Astronomy-Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
7.50%
发文量
28
审稿时长
71 days
期刊介绍: Driven by advances in technology and experimental capability, the last decade has seen the emergence of quantum technology: a new praxis for controlling the quantum world. It is now possible to engineer complex, multi-component systems that merge the once distinct fields of quantum optics and condensed matter physics. EPJ Quantum Technology covers theoretical and experimental advances in subjects including but not limited to the following: Quantum measurement, metrology and lithography Quantum complex systems, networks and cellular automata Quantum electromechanical systems Quantum optomechanical systems Quantum machines, engineering and nanorobotics Quantum control theory Quantum information, communication and computation Quantum thermodynamics Quantum metamaterials The effect of Casimir forces on micro- and nano-electromechanical systems Quantum biology Quantum sensing Hybrid quantum systems Quantum simulations.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信