Topographic and hydrological controls on partial and full surges of Little Kluane Glacier, Yukon

IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
Brittany Main, Luke Copland, Gwenn Elizabeth Flowers, Christine Fiona Dow, Wesley Van Wychen, Sergey Samsonov, William Kochtitzky
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Abstract

We demonstrate that a ~20 km long valley glacier in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, can experience both partial and full surges, likely controlled by the presence of a topographic constriction and the formation and drainage of supraglacial lakes. Based on analysis of air photos, satellite images and field observations since the 1940s, we identify a full surge of ‘Little Kluane Glacier’ from 2013 to 2018, and a partial surge of just the upper north arm between 1963 and 1972. Repeat digital elevation models and velocity profiles indicate that the recent surge initiated from the upper north arm in 2013, which developed into a full surge of the main trunk from 2017 to 2018 with peak velocities of ~3600 m a−1 and frontal advance of ~1.7 km from May to September 2018. In 2016, a mass movement from the north arm to the main trunk generated a surface depression in a region immediately downstream of a topographic constriction, which promoted the formation and rapid drainage of supraglacial lakes to the glacier bed, and likely established the conditions to propel the initial partial surge into a full surge. Our results underscore the complex interplay between glacier geometry, surface hydrology and topography required to drive full surges of this glacier.

育空地区小克卢恩冰川部分和全部涌浪的地形和水文控制因素
我们证明,育空圣伊莱亚斯山脉一条长约20公里的山谷冰川可能会出现部分和全部涌动,这可能是受地形收缩以及超冰川湖的形成和排水所控制。根据对 20 世纪 40 年代以来的航空照片、卫星图像和实地观测结果的分析,我们确定 "小克卢恩冰川 "在 2013 年至 2018 年期间出现过一次全面涌动,而在 1963 年至 1972 年期间,仅北臂上部出现过一次部分涌动。重复的数字高程模型和速度剖面图表明,最近的涌浪于 2013 年从北臂上部开始,在 2017 年至 2018 年期间发展为主干的全面涌浪,峰值速度约为 3600 米 a-1,2018 年 5 月至 9 月期间锋面前进了约 1.7 公里。2016年,从北臂到主干的大规模运动在紧靠地形收缩下游的区域产生了地表凹陷,这促进了超冰川湖的形成并迅速排泄到冰川床,很可能为推动最初的部分涌浪发展为全面涌浪创造了条件。我们的研究结果强调了冰川几何、地表水文和地形之间复杂的相互作用,而这正是推动冰川全面涌动的必要条件。
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来源期刊
Journal of Glaciology
Journal of Glaciology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
14.70%
发文量
101
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Glaciology publishes original scientific articles and letters in any aspect of glaciology- the study of ice. Studies of natural, artificial, and extraterrestrial ice and snow, as well as interactions between ice, snow and the atmospheric, oceanic and subglacial environment are all eligible. They may be based on field work, remote sensing, laboratory investigations, theoretical analysis or numerical modelling, or may report on newly developed glaciological instruments. Subjects covered recently in the Journal have included palaeoclimatology and the chemistry of the atmosphere as revealed in ice cores; theoretical and applied physics and chemistry of ice; the dynamics of glaciers and ice sheets, and changes in their extent and mass under climatic forcing; glacier energy balances at all scales; glacial landforms, and glaciers as geomorphic agents; snow science in all its aspects; ice as a host for surface and subglacial ecosystems; sea ice, icebergs and lake ice; and avalanche dynamics and other glacial hazards to human activity. Studies of permafrost and of ice in the Earth’s atmosphere are also within the domain of the Journal, as are interdisciplinary applications to engineering, biological, and social sciences, and studies in the history of glaciology.
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