Native Two-Qubit Gates in Fixed-Coupling, Fixed-Frequency Transmons Beyond Cross-Resonance Interaction

Abstract

Fixed-frequency superconducting qubits demonstrate remarkable success as platforms for stable and scalable quantum computing. Cross-resonance gates have been the workhorse of fixed-coupling, fixed-frequency superconducting processors, leveraging the entanglement generated by driving one qubit resonantly with a neighbor’s frequency to achieve high-fidelity, universal controlled-not (cnot) gates. Here, we use on-resonant and off-resonant microwave drives to go beyond cross-resonance, realizing natively interesting two-qubit gates that are not equivalent to cnot gates. In particular, we implement and benchmark native $i$swap, swap, $\sqrt{i\mathrm{SWAP}}$, and $b$swap gates; in fact, any $\mathrm{SU}(4)$ unitary can be achieved using these techniques. Furthermore, we apply these techniques for an efficient construction of the $B$ gate: a perfect entangler from which any two-qubit gate can be reached in only two applications. We show that these native two-qubit gates are better than their counterparts compiled from cross-resonance gates. We elucidate the resonance conditions required to drive each two-qubit gate and provide a novel frame tracking technique to implement them in Qiskit.