Legal Nature of Public Authority: Doctrine and Law

Natal'ya Filippova
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Abstract

The constitutional reform of 2020 made it relevant to develop a doctrinal and legal description of public power. The existing interpretations of its legal nature are often different, even mutually exclusive. This situation makes it necessary to expand the methodological foundations behind the theoretical model of public power. The author identified public power based on the differences in philosophy, management theory, political science, and sociology, on the one hand, and constitutional studies, on the other. The hypothesis of the cyclical development of constitutional law, both as a branch of law and as a science, made it possible to reconstruct the ideas of public power in the Russian doctrine of constitutional law at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. These ideas proved systematic and logically complete because they interpreted public power as a special subjective right implemented by the community. The concepts of public power in the national constitutional studies demonstrated continuity, especially against V. E. Chirkin’s collectivist theory of public power. However, the importance of public understanding of the legal nature of public power remains underestimated. This flaw is also typical of the latest theoretical models of public power, which were affected by the constitutional reform of 2020, as demonstrated by some recent federal laws.
公共权力的法律性质:理论与法律
2020 年的宪法改革使得从理论和法律上对公权力进行描述具有现实意义。现有对公权力法律性质的解释往往各不相同,甚至相互排斥。这种情况使得有必要拓展公共权力理论模型背后的方法论基础。作者根据哲学、管理理论、政治学和社会学与宪法研究的差异对公共权力进行了辨析。宪法作为法律的一个分支和一门科学,其周期性发展的假设使我们有可能重建十九至二十世纪之交俄罗斯宪法学说中的公权力思想。这些思想被证明是系统的、逻辑上完整的,因为它们将公权力解释为一种由社会实施的特殊主观权利。国家宪法研究中的公权力概念表现出连续性,尤其是与 V. E. Chirkin 的集体主义公权力理论相对照。然而,公众对公权力法律性质的理解的重要性仍然被低估了。这一缺陷在最新的公权力理论模式中也很典型,2020 年的宪法改革对这些模式产生了影响,最近的一些联邦法律就证明了这一点。
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