Conceptualising overlapping politics: Cross-class political relationships in urban Pakistan

Hafsah Siddiqui
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Abstract

Citizen-led activism to demand and secure adequate housing rights, infrastructure, and services in Islamabad forms part of a longstanding socio-political movement in Pakistan. This activism brings together different classes of urban residents. Drawing from qualitative research comprising of 129 interviews, this article reveals an emerging ‘overlapping politics’, defined as the political relationship between two (or more) distinct socio-economic classes of citizen(s) in response to any form of injustice or inequality. This (re)conceptualises everyday forms of urban political practice by countering existing assumptions that urban politics is rooted in class homogeneity. Inspired by the Islamabad case, I argue that ‘overlapping politics’ emerges largely as an alternative to, and progression from, clientelistic politics through four modes where ‘overlapping’ occurs across class lines: knowledge and information; networks and membership; support; and ownership and responsibility. The outcomes of ‘overlapping politics’ manifest spatially in the city, for example through increased interaction between urbanites, privately organised service provision, and urban protests. Although the practice of ‘overlapping politics’ has limitations, it provides an important new conceptual tool and language for understanding and analysing forms of politics that are embedded in cross-class relationships between urban citizens.
重叠政治的概念化:巴基斯坦城市中的跨阶层政治关系
在伊斯兰堡,以公民为主导的要求并确保适当住房权、基础设施和服务的活动是巴基斯坦长期社会政治运动的一部分。这场运动汇集了不同阶层的城市居民。通过对 129 个访谈进行定性研究,本文揭示了一种新兴的 "重叠政治",即两个(或更多)不同社会经济阶层的公民之间为应对任何形式的不公正或不平等而建立的政治关系。通过反驳城市政治根植于阶级同一性的现有假设,这(重新)概念化了城市政治实践的日常形式。受伊斯兰堡案例的启发,我认为 "重叠政治 "的出现在很大程度上是通过四种跨越阶级界限的 "重叠 "模式:知识和信息、网络和成员资格、支持以及所有权和责任,来替代和发展客户政治。重叠政治 "的结果体现在城市的空间上,例如,城市居民之间互动的增加、私人组织的服务提供以及城市抗议活动。虽然 "重叠政治 "的实践有其局限性,但它提供了一种重要的新概念工具和语言,用于理解和分析城市市民之间跨阶层关系中的政治形式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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