Evaluation of residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in fresh water and laundry grey water for irrigation usage

IF 1.5 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Environmental Quality Management Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI:10.1002/tqem.22248

Rajat Khapra, Nirankar Singh

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The current study was carried out to assess the suitability of laundry grey water (LGW) for reuse in irrigation so that it can help in the reduction of freshwater stress in irrigation sector. To address this objective, concentration of sodium (Na⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), carbonate (CO₃²⁻), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) were tested in fresh water (FW) collected before laundry washing and LGW generated after laundry washing from different households. The suitability of LGW for irrigation purpose was determined by using water quality indices such as Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC). The SAR values of FW at the rural and urban area sites varied from 0.84 to 1.10 and 0.82 to 4.30 respectively and remained in the excellent category for irrigation purpose. The SAR values of LGW at the rural and urban sites varied from 10.06 to 13.01 and 6.26 to 9.68, respectively. In contrast to the SAR values of the LGW at rural site, which remained under good quality category, SAR values remained under excellent category for irrigation purpose at urban sites. RSC values of FW and LGW were below 3.97 showing low or medium hazards associated with it for irrigation.

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淡水和用于灌溉的洗衣中水中残留碳酸钠 (RSC) 和钠吸附率 (SAR) 的评估

本研究旨在评估洗衣灰水（LGW）在灌溉中再利用的适宜性，以帮助减轻灌溉部门的淡水压力。为实现这一目标，研究人员测试了不同家庭洗衣前收集的淡水（FW）和洗衣后产生的洗衣灰水中钠（Na+）、钙（Ca2+）、镁（Mg2+）、碳酸盐（CO32-）、碳酸氢盐（HCO3-）和磷酸盐（PO43-）的浓度。通过钠吸附率（SAR）和残留碳酸钠（RSC）等水质指标来确定 LGW 是否适合用于灌溉。农村和城市地区 FW 的 SAR 值分别介于 0.84 至 1.10 和 0.82 至 4.30 之间，仍属于灌溉用水的优级。农村和城市地区的低灌溉含水层的 SAR 值分别为 10.06 至 13.01 和 6.26 至 9.68。相比之下，农村地区长流水的 SAR 值仍属于优质类，而城市地区灌溉用长流水的 SAR 值仍属于优级。丰水期和长水期的 RSC 值均低于 3.97，表明其对灌溉的危害较低或中等。

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来源期刊

Environmental Quality Management Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

CiteScore

2.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Four times a year, this practical journal shows you how to improve environmental performance and exceed voluntary standards such as ISO 14000. In each issue, you"ll find in-depth articles and the most current case studies of successful environmental quality improvement efforts -- and guidance on how you can apply these goals to your organization. Written by leading industry experts and practitioners, Environmental Quality Management brings you innovative practices in Performance Measurement...Life-Cycle Assessments...Safety Management... Environmental Auditing...ISO 14000 Standards and Certification..."Green Accounting"...Environmental Communication...Sustainable Development Issues...Environmental Benchmarking...Global Environmental Law and Regulation.