Complications and the impact of hematological parameters in donors involved in allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a vital treatment option for many hematological malignancies, offering a more convenient alternative to bone marrow transplantation. In allogeneic HSCT, donors provide hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation into patients, necessitating careful consideration of the donor's health and hematological parameters to ensure successful engraftment and treatment outcomes. In a study involving 20 adult donors at Apeksha Hospital, Sri Lanka key hematological parameters, comorbidities, clinical histories, and medications were analyzed. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most prevalent comorbidities among donors, while anemia, primarily linked to iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies, was common. Although baseline coagulation abnormalities were rare and no significant complications occurred during transplantation, early clinical issues such as pain and paresthesia correlated with abnormal peripheral blood smear findings. Notably, a 4-day single daily G-CSF dosing schedule was favored over a 5-day twice daily regimen due to fewer reported problems. While anemia and thrombocytopenia were infrequent, these findings underscore the critical importance of meticulous donor selection and vigilant monitoring throughout the transplantation process to optimize outcomes.