Bioactive Compounds Produced by Macromycetes for Application in the Pharmaceutical Sector: Patents and Products

Walter José Martinez-Burgos, Everaldo Montes Montes, Roberta Pozzan, Josilene Lima Serra, Diego Ocán Torres, Maria Clara Manzoki, Ricardo Luiz Vieira, Guilherme Anacleto dos Reis, Cristine Rodrigues, Susan Grace Karp, C. Soccol
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Abstract

It is widely known that mushrooms present several properties with applications in the medicinal and pharmaceutical sectors, including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, hypotensive, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. This article aims to review examples of the bioactive metabolites responsible for those activities, such as polysaccharides, phenols and polyphenols, terpenes, peptides, alkaloids, and steroids, which are produced by several relevant mushroom species. It also discusses their production through solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation, as well as the processes of obtention of mushroom bioactive extracts and considerations on their stability aiming industrial applications. In addition, the article examines the patent landscape surrounding mushroom-derived bioactives, shedding light on the intellectual property history and innovations driving this field forward. Examples of recently deposited patents in the field are highlighted, as well as the main depositors. China and the United States are the major depositor countries in this field (52% and 35% of patents, respectively), and the principal compounds on the patents are polysaccharides and alkaloids. The article also provides insights into the current market landscape, showcasing mushroom-derived products in the pharmaceutical field available to consumers. From dietary supplements to skincare formulations, the market offerings reflect the growing interest in harnessing the health benefits of mushroom bioactives.
大霉菌生产的生物活性化合物在制药领域的应用:专利和产品
众所周知,蘑菇具有多种特性,可应用于医疗和制药领域,包括抗菌、免疫调节、抗氧化、降血压、神经保护和抗炎活性。本文旨在综述导致这些活性的生物活性代谢物的实例,如多糖、酚和多酚、萜类、肽、生物碱和类固醇,它们是由几个相关蘑菇物种产生的。文章还讨论了通过固态发酵和浸没发酵生产这些物质的问题,以及获得蘑菇生物活性提取物的过程和考虑其稳定性以实现工业应用的问题。此外,文章还探讨了围绕蘑菇生物活性成分的专利情况,揭示了推动这一领域发展的知识产权历史和创新。文章重点介绍了该领域最近交存的专利实例以及主要交存人。中国和美国是该领域的主要保存国(分别占专利的 52% 和 35%),专利中的主要化合物是多糖和生物碱。文章还深入分析了当前的市场格局,向消费者展示了制药领域的蘑菇衍生产品。从膳食补充剂到护肤配方,这些市场产品反映出人们对利用蘑菇生物活性成分的健康益处越来越感兴趣。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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