Subjective social status across the past, present, and future: status trajectories of older adults.

IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 GERONTOLOGY
Tim Kuball, Georg Jahn
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Abstract

Beyond objective indicators of social status (e.g., income or education), the subjective social status (SSS; i.e., the self-assessed position in a social hierarchy) is associated with psychological well-being and physiological functioning. Existing research has focused on older adults' current status evaluations, neglecting perceived temporal stability or change in SSS which can further impact self-perception and emotional well-being. In the present study, we examined older adults' (N = 191; mean age = 73.5) SSS with regard to their past, present, and future. Examining SSS for multiple time-points allowed us to identify profiles representing trajectories of status from the past to the future by conducting latent profile analysis. Furthermore, we tested associations of the identified trajectory-profiles with aging anxiety and negative affect. Results showed that, on average, participants anticipated higher future status losses than they had experienced in the past, regardless of age. In the more nuanced profile analysis, we identified four trajectory-profiles: A high (17%), a moderate (57%), and a low perceived social status (14%) trajectory, as well as a profile representing a perceived decrease in status (12%). While a lower status was associated with more aging anxiety and negative affect, most aging anxiety and negative affect was found for profiles representing a low initial status-level and a perceived decrease in status. Findings implicate that social status comparisons with others but also status comparisons with past- and future-selves are relevant for older adults. The discussion highlights the benefits of improving or stabilizing subjective assessments of status in later adulthood.

跨越过去、现在和未来的主观社会地位:老年人的地位轨迹。
除了社会地位的客观指标(如收入或教育程度)之外,主观社会地位(SSS,即自我评估在社会等级中的地位)也与心理健康和生理功能有关。现有的研究主要关注老年人对当前地位的评价,而忽视了对 SSS 的时间稳定性或变化的感知,而这可能会进一步影响自我感知和情绪幸福感。在本研究中,我们考察了老年人(人数 = 191;平均年龄 = 73.5)对其过去、现在和未来的 SSS。通过对多个时间点的 SSS 进行研究,我们可以通过潜特征分析找出代表从过去到未来的状态轨迹的特征。此外,我们还测试了已确定的轨迹特征与衰老焦虑和消极情绪之间的关联。结果表明,平均而言,参与者预期未来的地位损失要高于他们过去所经历的损失,与年龄无关。在更细致的特征分析中,我们发现了四种轨迹特征:高社会地位(17%)、中等社会地位(57%)和低社会地位(14%)轨迹,以及代表社会地位下降的轨迹(12%)。虽然较低的社会地位与更多的老龄焦虑和消极情绪有关,但大多数老龄焦虑和消极情绪出现在初始社会地位较低和认为社会地位下降的人身上。研究结果表明,与他人进行社会地位比较,以及与过去和未来的自己进行地位比较,都与老年人有关。讨论强调了改善或稳定成年后对地位的主观评估的益处。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
7.90%
发文量
72
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Ageing: Social, Behavioural and Health Perspectives is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the understanding of ageing in European societies and the world over. EJA publishes original articles on the social, behavioral and population health aspects of ageing and encourages an integrated approach between these aspects. Emphasis is put on publishing empirical research (including meta-analyses), but conceptual papers (including narrative reviews) and methodological contributions will also be considered. EJA welcomes expert opinions on critical issues in ageing. By stimulating communication between researchers and those using research findings, it aims to contribute to the formulation of better policies and the development of better practice in serving older adults. To further specify, with the term ''social'' is meant the full scope of social science of ageing related research from the micro to the macro level of analysis. With the term ''behavioural'' the full scope of psychological ageing research including life span approaches based on a range of age groups from young to old is envisaged. The term ''population health-related'' denotes social-epidemiological and public health oriented research including research on functional health in the widest possible sense.
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