Assessment of viscosity effects on high-speed coolant pump performance

Dongcheng Wang, Yandong Gu, Christopher Stephen, Wenpeng Zhao, Qingfeng Ji
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Abstract

The high-speed coolant pump facilitates thermal regulation in electric vehicle components, including batteries and motors, by circulating an ethylene glycol solution. This commonly used circulating fluid exhibits a notable negative correlation with temperature in terms of viscosity. Numerical simulations investigate the transient dynamics of a high-speed coolant pump operating at 6000 rpm, driving coolant flow at various temperatures. A high-speed coolant pump test rig is established, and the performance is evaluated under different temperature conditions. The numerical simulations at different temperatures align well with the experimental outcomes. Decreasing temperatures, from 100 to −20 °C, lead to reduced pump head and efficiency due to increased viscosity. Specifically, at a flow rate of 30 L/min, head decreases by 40.03% and efficiency by 44.19%. With escalating viscosity, the best efficiency point shifts toward lower flow rates. Notable impacts on both disk efficiency and hydraulic efficiency are observed due to viscosity fluctuations. It exerts minimal influence on volumetric efficiency at elevated flow rates but has a substantial impact on volumetric efficiency at lower flow rates. Increased fluid viscosity causes uneven pressure distribution within the pump, altering velocity profiles within the impeller. High-viscosity fluids tend to form large-scale vortex structures around the blades, reducing the thrust exerted by the blades on the fluid. Higher viscosity results in larger vortex structures around the blades, reducing thrust and increasing fluid frictional resistance. The study findings provide valuable insights for the advancement of high-efficiency, energy-saving, high-speed coolant pumps tailored for electric vehicles.
评估粘度对高速冷却剂泵性能的影响
高速冷却剂泵通过循环乙二醇溶液,促进电动汽车组件(包括电池和电机)的热调节。这种常用的循环液在粘度方面与温度呈明显的负相关。数值模拟研究了转速为 6000 rpm 的高速冷却剂泵在不同温度下驱动冷却剂流动的瞬态动力学。建立了一个高速冷却剂泵试验台,并对其在不同温度条件下的性能进行了评估。不同温度下的数值模拟结果与实验结果非常吻合。温度从 100 ℃ 降到 -20 ℃ 时,由于粘度增加,泵的扬程和效率降低。具体来说,在流量为 30 升/分钟时,扬程降低了 40.03%,效率降低了 44.19%。随着粘度的增加,最佳效率点向低流速转移。粘度波动对圆盘效率和水力效率都有显著影响。在流速较高时,粘度对容积效率的影响很小,但在流速较低时,粘度对容积效率的影响很大。流体粘度增加会导致泵内压力分布不均,从而改变叶轮内的速度曲线。高粘度流体往往会在叶片周围形成大规模涡旋结构,从而降低叶片对流体施加的推力。粘度越高,叶片周围的涡旋结构越大,推力越小,流体摩擦阻力越大。研究结果为开发电动汽车专用的高效、节能、高速冷却剂泵提供了宝贵的启示。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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