Grain quality of spring soft wheat in the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract

Abstract. The purpose is to conduct a study of the quality of grain of industrial crops of soft spring wheat for food purposes in the conditions of Kazakhstan. Methods. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 on industrial crops of spring soft wheat in the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Under field conditions, grain shattering and germination were determined. Under laboratory conditions – the content of gluten, protein, the nature of the grain and the falling number. The refraction of the grain mass was determined. The studies were carried out using conventional methods. Results. Four wheat varieties Boevchanka, Omskaya 36, Omskaya 38 and Uralosibirskaya were studied. On average, over two years, Omskaya 36 (9.1 %) and Uralosibirskaya (9 %) crumbled the most. The germination of grains on the vine was the highest in variety Omskaya 38 (3.4 %). The total refraction of wheat grain mass in 2019 was 3.3, and in 2020 – 3.8, due to an increase in graded impurities and valuable grain waste by 0.5 %. Among the studied varieties, the Boevchanka variety had the maximum amount of gluten (30 %) and protein (15.7 %). An analysis of the nature of the grain showed that the varieties Omskaya 36 (740 g/l) and Boevchanka (733.9 g/l) formed the highest quality grain. The fall number of varieties varied with weather conditions. No varietal differences were found. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the grain quality indicators of soft spring wheat for the intended purpose were studied. Wheat varieties cultivated at the enterprise formed grain II and III class for food.