INDIVIDUAL STRENGTH CHANGES FOLLOWING A VERY BRIEF INTERVENTION ON NATIONAL STRENGTH TRAINING GUIDELINES IN ADULTS AGED 50 - 75 YEARS

Abstract

There is little evidence that the public or healthcare practitioners are aware of and implementing the strength training component of the United Kingdom’s (UK) Chief Medical Officers’ physical activity guidelines in practice. Our study aimed to objectively measure strength following a very brief intervention with the strength component to determine if this practice could increase muscle strength. This was a mixed method, one-arm, pre-post six-month study. Thirty adults aged 50-75 years had hand grip (upper) isometric strength and ankle plantarflexion (lower) isometric strength measured. The average of two trials on the dominant limb were recorded. Participants were provided a physical copy of the guidelines and were asked to follow the strength recommendations. The very brief intervention (five minutes) included information on why and how to follow the strength guidelines, example exercises, along with a proven behaviour change technique (providing a journal to record training sessions). Strength was tested after six-months. The group average indicated that there was no change in upper or lower body strength from baseline. However, when data were viewed individually, upper body strength was gained in 21 of 30 participants and lost in 9 (range: -4.5 to +6 kg). 42% of participants gained more than 2 kg in hand strength after six-months. Lower body strength was gained in 15 participants and lost in 15 (range: -12.4 to +8.65 kg). 43% of participants lost more than 2 kg. Qualitatively participants took the opportunity to ‘procure some new weights’ as they found their weights at home ‘too easy.’ Participants had a new-found realisation that ‘strength training is vital to muscle strength.’ Some mentioned that ‘strength training is now part of my life.’ On the other hand, other participants wanted more, noting that ‘there should be more publicity, information about [strength training] to the general public’ and found it unnecessarily ‘hard to find [follow up information] online.’ In the movement to make ‘every contact count,’ a very brief intervention has been shown to raise awareness and change strength training behaviour. Healthcare practitioners should focus on lower body exercise examples alongside progression techniques to avoid rapid loss in lower body strength. Public health stakeholders need to work together to provide easily accessible strength training resources.