Rapid morphosedimentary development of a shallow subtropical embayment in response to extreme episodic flooding

Abstract

Variability in supply of terrestrial sediments to the coastal zone impacts sediment transport processes and ecological dependencies. This study investigated surface sediment distribution and transportation within a 2020 km² shallow embayment following a period of flood induced sediment supply. Extensive field sampling of 221 common sites between 2015 and the 2019 follow-up survey presented, identified significant reduction in fine sediment fractions, evident through a 367 km² decrease in surface mud coverage. Wind-wave sediment transport processes controlled the spatial distribution of fine sediments, exporting 23 million tonnes of mud from the shallow sedimentation zones. In a broader context, sensitive benthic habitats such as seagrass meadows exhibited signs habitat recolonisation coinciding with areas of reduced mud content. Despite these promising short-term outlooks, the developed fine sediment budget suggests ongoing terrestrial sedimentation will exhaust key sediment sinks within Moreton Bay, effectively reducing the system's ability to buffer future sedimentation events.