4500-year paleohurricane record from the Western Gulf of Mexico, Coastal Central TX, USA

IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Sarah B. Monica , Davin J. Wallace , Elizabeth J. Wallace , Xiaojing Du , Sylvia G. Dee , John B. Anderson
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Abstract

Texas receives the second-highest number of tropical cyclone (TC) landfalls per year in the United States. At present, long-term TC projections from climate models remain uncertain due to the short and biased nature of Atlantic TC observations. Sediment archives of past storms can help extend the observational record of TC strikes over the past few millennia. When a TC makes landfall along the central Texas coast, coastal downwelling channels and storm currents transport and deposit coarse sediment to a zone of rapid accumulation along the shelf, known as the Texas Mud Blanket (TMB). This “backwash” process results in expansive storm deposits along the shelf, making this region ideal for paleotempestological reconstructions. Here, we present two sediment cores, located approximately 6 km southeast of Matagorda Island (TX), that collectively yield a ∼4500-year paleohurricane record. 210Pb and 137Cs are utilized in conjunction with radiocarbon ages to produce high-resolution Bayesian age models. One-centimeter interval grain size analyses are used to identify TC deposits. Two-centimeter interval X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is used as an additional measure to verify depositional mechanisms in this shelf environment. We define an intense paleohurricane event threshold through statistical analysis of mean grain size data. The sediment-derived TC record is correlated to Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) data from Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation (PHYDA) to bolster our interpretation of the TC record, revealing a coupled relationship between PDSI and TCs since ∼300 yr BP. Over the ∼4500-year period, 24 intense TCs were recorded in the sediment record, yielding a long-term annual landfall probability of ∼0.53%. Additionally, comparisons between other TC records within the Atlantic establish a relationship between enhanced TC activity in the Western Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and TCs formed in the Caribbean Sea.

美国德克萨斯州中部沿海墨西哥湾西部 4500 年古飓风记录
得克萨斯州每年登陆的热带气旋(TC)数量在美国位居第二。目前,由于大西洋热带气旋观测时间短且存在偏差,气候模式对热带气旋的长期预测仍不确定。过去风暴的沉积物档案可以帮助扩展过去几千年热带气旋袭击的观测记录。当热带气旋在得克萨斯州中部海岸登陆时,沿岸下沉通道和风暴潮会将粗沉积物输送并沉积到陆架上的快速堆积区,即得克萨斯泥毯(TMB)。这种 "反冲 "过程导致陆架沿岸出现膨胀性风暴沉积,使这一区域成为古气象重建的理想区域。在此,我们展示了位于马塔戈尔达岛(德克萨斯州)东南约 6 公里处的两个沉积物岩心,它们共同产生了 4500 年的古飓风记录。210Pb 和 137Cs 与放射性碳年龄相结合,生成了高分辨率贝叶斯年龄模型。利用一厘米间距的粒度分析来确定过渡带沉积。两厘米间隔的 X 射线荧光 (XRF) 被用作验证该陆架环境沉积机制的额外措施。通过对平均粒度数据的统计分析,我们确定了强烈古飓风事件的阈值。沉积物衍生的热带风暴记录与古流体力学数据同化(PHYDA)的帕尔默干旱严重程度指数(PDSI)数据相关联,以加强我们对热带风暴记录的解释,揭示了自公元前 300 年以来 PDSI 与热带风暴之间的耦合关系。在 4500 年的时间里,沉积物记录中记录了 24 次强烈的热带气旋,得出每年登陆的长期概率为 0.53%。此外,通过对大西洋内其他热带气旋记录的比较,确定了墨西哥湾西部热带气旋活动增强与加勒比海热带气旋形成之间的关系。
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来源期刊
Marine Geology
Marine Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
6.90%
发文量
175
审稿时长
21.9 weeks
期刊介绍: Marine Geology is the premier international journal on marine geological processes in the broadest sense. We seek papers that are comprehensive, interdisciplinary and synthetic that will be lasting contributions to the field. Although most papers are based on regional studies, they must demonstrate new findings of international significance. We accept papers on subjects as diverse as seafloor hydrothermal systems, beach dynamics, early diagenesis, microbiological studies in sediments, palaeoclimate studies and geophysical studies of the seabed. We encourage papers that address emerging new fields, for example the influence of anthropogenic processes on coastal/marine geology and coastal/marine geoarchaeology. We insist that the papers are concerned with the marine realm and that they deal with geology: with rocks, sediments, and physical and chemical processes affecting them. Papers should address scientific hypotheses: highly descriptive data compilations or papers that deal only with marine management and risk assessment should be submitted to other journals. Papers on laboratory or modelling studies must demonstrate direct relevance to marine processes or deposits. The primary criteria for acceptance of papers is that the science is of high quality, novel, significant, and of broad international interest.
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