Storm-tide and wave interaction at Puerto Rico during Hurricanes Irma and Maria

IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY
Qiang Chen , Yuepeng Li , David M. Kelly , Ping Zhu , Jamie Rhome , Cody Fritz
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Abstract

In this study, the storm-tide and waves associated with Hurricanes Irma and Maria that struck Puerto Rico (PR) successively in 2017 were simulated using a coupled circulation and spectral wave model (TELEMAC2D + TOMAWAC), and validated against water level and wave measurements from gauges deployed around the island. Particular emphasis was placed on the storm-tide and wave interaction in the coastal area of San Juan, the capital of PR. At the San Juan coast, Irma caused a maximum of 0.2 m surge and 0.2–0.3 m wave setup, while Maria induced a larger maximum surge of nearly 1.0 m but a smaller wave setup at 0.1 - 0.2 m. Meanwhile, Irma-induced waves caused a strong westward longshore current (2 m/s), which interacted with the storm-tide associated eastward current (0.5 m/s) and led to small-scale gyres (several hundred meters in diameter) and rip currents formed near the coast, that in turn affected the significant wave height (SWH) locally. In contrast, during the passage of Maria, the wave- and storm-tide-induced longshore currents were in the same westward direction (maximum at 1 m/s and 3 m/s respectively); the strong current first refracted the waves towards the following current status (wave and current propagating in the same direction) and then decreased the significant wave height by nearly 2 m in a relatively large area (2 km wide band along the coastline) off the coastal shelf.

飓风 "艾玛 "和 "玛丽亚 "期间波多黎各的风暴潮和海浪相互作用
在本研究中,使用环流和波谱耦合模型(TELEMAC2D + TOMAWAC)模拟了 2017 年先后袭击波多黎各(PR)的飓风 "艾玛 "和 "玛丽亚 "造成的风暴潮和波浪,并根据部署在岛屿周围的水位计和波浪测量数据进行了验证。特别强调了 PR 首府圣胡安沿海地区风暴潮和波浪的相互作用。在圣胡安海岸,"艾尔玛 "造成的最大浪涌为 0.2 米,浪高为 0.2-0.3 米,而 "玛丽亚 "造成的最大浪涌更大,接近 1.0 米,但浪高较小,为 0.1-0.2 米。与此同时,"艾尔玛 "引发的海浪造成了强大的西向长岸流(2 米/秒),与风暴潮相关的东向流(0.5 米/秒)相互作用,在海岸附近形成了小尺度涡旋(直径达数百米)和撕裂流,进而影响了当地的显著波高(SWH)。相反,在 "玛莉亚 "经过时,波浪和风暴潮引起的沿岸长流同向西流(最大流速分别为 1 米/秒和∼3 米/秒);强流首先将波浪折射到随后的海流状态(波浪和海流同向传播),然后在沿海大陆架外相对较大的区域(沿海岸线 2 公里宽的带状区域)将显著波高降低了近 2 米。
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来源期刊
Continental Shelf Research
Continental Shelf Research 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.30%
发文量
136
审稿时长
6.1 months
期刊介绍: Continental Shelf Research publishes articles dealing with the biological, chemical, geological and physical oceanography of the shallow marine environment, from coastal and estuarine waters out to the shelf break. The continental shelf is a critical environment within the land-ocean continuum, and many processes, functions and problems in the continental shelf are driven by terrestrial inputs transported through the rivers and estuaries to the coastal and continental shelf areas. Manuscripts that deal with these topics must make a clear link to the continental shelf. Examples of research areas include: Physical sedimentology and geomorphology Geochemistry of the coastal ocean (inorganic and organic) Marine environment and anthropogenic effects Interaction of physical dynamics with natural and manmade shoreline features Benthic, phytoplankton and zooplankton ecology Coastal water and sediment quality, and ecosystem health Benthic-pelagic coupling (physical and biogeochemical) Interactions between physical dynamics (waves, currents, mixing, etc.) and biogeochemical cycles Estuarine, coastal and shelf sea modelling and process studies.
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