Seaway restriction, sea level drop and erosion in the Alboran Basin from a paleotopographic reconstruction for the Messinian Salinity Crisis

IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Hanneke Heida , Daniel García-Castellanos , Ivone Jiménez-Munt , Ferran Estrada , Gemma Ercilla , Damien Do Couto , Abdellah Ammar
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) resulted from changes in the Atlantic-Mediterranean connectivity in the Alboran Basin, a region with a complex and debated geodynamic configuration. Since the MSC, this basin's topography and its record of the Messinian Erosional Surface have been subject to vertical motions due to sediment accumulation, tectonic deformation, isostasy, and latent effects of thermal cooling after extension and magmatic arc formation. The objective of this work is to restore these contributions to post-Messinian subsidence in order to quantify the original depth of formation of the MSC features. We do this by performing a pseudo-3D planform flexural isostatic reconstruction of the Messinian Erosion Surface mapped from an extensive set of seismic reflection data. We focus on identifying the most likely position of the gateway between Atlantic and Mediterranean, the effect of a drawdown on gateway topography and connectivity, and the depth of proposed erosional features related to the Messinian lowstand. The results indicate that the depth of the Alboran Basin by the end of the Messinian was about 500 m shallower than nowadays, but over 500 m deep on average, reaching depths of >1000 m in most subbasins, even when accounting for the possible ∼300 m isostatic rebound caused by water unloading in a largely desiccated Alboran Sea during the MSC. Although these results are compatible with volcanic cones locally emerging above sea level at the East Alboran Volcanic Arc during the Messinian, several lows remaining in the reconstruction suggest that that region is unlikely to have been the sill between Atlantic and Mediterranean at that time, unless the basin saw unconstrained dynamic topography contributions of over −500 m. Full desiccation of the Alboran Basin implies an uplift of up to 100 m at the Strait of Gibraltar, and uplift rates too high to be counteracted by erosion, suggesting that full disconnection and the main corresponding evaporative drawdown took place only once. The terraces and canyons in the West Alboran are restored to depths between 250 and 550 m (shallowest terrace) and 750–1500 m (deepest terrace), and cannot be clearly linked to a single, stable water level during the MSC, pointing to climate-controlled variations in the water level during the isolation phase.

从墨西拿盐度危机的古地形重建看阿尔伯兰盆地的海道限制、海平面下降和侵蚀作用
梅西尼亚盐度危机(MSC)是由于阿尔博兰盆地的大西洋-地中海连通性发生变化造成的,该地区的地球动力学构造十分复杂,且备受争议。自地中海盐度危机以来,由于沉积物堆积、构造变形、等静压以及延伸和岩浆弧形成后热降温的潜伏效应,该盆地的地形及其墨西拿侵蚀地表的记录一直受到垂直运动的影响。这项工作的目的是还原这些对后梅西安沉降的影响,以量化地中海地貌的原始形成深度。为此,我们对根据大量地震反射数据绘制的梅西尼亚侵蚀面进行了伪三维平面挠曲等静力重建。我们重点确定了大西洋和地中海之间最可能的门户位置、缩减对门户地形和连通性的影响,以及与麦西尼亚低地相关的拟议侵蚀地貌的深度。研究结果表明,到墨西拿纪末期,阿尔博兰盆地的深度比现在浅约 500 米,但平均深度超过 500 米,在大多数子盆地中达到 1000 米,即使考虑到墨西拿纪期间,在基本干燥的阿尔博兰海中,海水卸载可能造成的 300 米等静力回升。尽管这些结果与墨西尼期东阿尔博兰火山弧局部海平面以上出现的火山锥相吻合,但重建中残留的几个低点表明,该地区当时不太可能是大西洋与地中海之间的崖壁,除非该盆地出现了超过-500米的无约束动态地形。阿尔博兰盆地的完全干涸意味着直布罗陀海峡的隆起高达 100 米,隆起率太高,无法被侵蚀所抵消,这表明完全断开和主要的相应蒸发缩减只发生过一次。西阿尔博朗的阶地和峡谷恢复到了 250 至 550 米(最浅的阶地)和 750 至 1500 米(最深的阶地)之间的深度,无法明确地与地中海大陆架期间单一、稳定的水位联系起来,这表明在隔离阶段水位的变化是受气候控制的。
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来源期刊
Marine Geology
Marine Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
6.90%
发文量
175
审稿时长
21.9 weeks
期刊介绍: Marine Geology is the premier international journal on marine geological processes in the broadest sense. We seek papers that are comprehensive, interdisciplinary and synthetic that will be lasting contributions to the field. Although most papers are based on regional studies, they must demonstrate new findings of international significance. We accept papers on subjects as diverse as seafloor hydrothermal systems, beach dynamics, early diagenesis, microbiological studies in sediments, palaeoclimate studies and geophysical studies of the seabed. We encourage papers that address emerging new fields, for example the influence of anthropogenic processes on coastal/marine geology and coastal/marine geoarchaeology. We insist that the papers are concerned with the marine realm and that they deal with geology: with rocks, sediments, and physical and chemical processes affecting them. Papers should address scientific hypotheses: highly descriptive data compilations or papers that deal only with marine management and risk assessment should be submitted to other journals. Papers on laboratory or modelling studies must demonstrate direct relevance to marine processes or deposits. The primary criteria for acceptance of papers is that the science is of high quality, novel, significant, and of broad international interest.
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