Effect of Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Virus on Blood Cellular Composition

V. V. Tatarnikova, V. I. Dubrovina, N. O. Kiseleva, V. A. Vishnyakov, D. D. Bryukhova, A. B. Pyatidesyatnikova, A. N. Bondaryuk, S. V. Balakhonov
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Abstract

Relevance. The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is still a public health problem and a threat to socio-economic well-being. Most studies have focused predominantly on humoral immunity, and there are no data on the cellular composition of blood in dynamics. Aim. To study the dynamics of changes in blood cellular composition depending on the type of immunity formed (natural, hybrid, breakthrough, postvaccinal) to SARS-CoV-2 virus. Materials and Methods. A total of 130 volunteers participated in the study. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes using flow cytometry was performed. The presence of specific IgG antibodies to N-protein SARS-CoV-2, total IgA and cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α) was assessed in serum by ELISA. Results and Discussion. A statistically significant increase in BL was recorded in volunteers with hybrid immunity 1 month (14,0% (12,3–16,4%)) after vaccination compared to healthy volunteers (9,1% (6,4–10,2%), p = 0,0007) and people with primary COVID-19 infection (10,2% (8,3–12,1%), p = 0,0134). In volunteers with natural and hybrid immunity, as well as in revaccinated people, an increase in B1-cells (CD3-CD19+CD5+CD27-) was observed during 3–9 months of observation. It is shown that the increase of B-lymphocytes with «switched» class of synthesized antibodies was detected in people with breakthrough immunity. Increased levels of T-lymphocytes expressing HLA-DR were recorded in all individuals during 6–9 months of follow-up. Volunteers with breakthrough immunity showed a significant increase in the positivity index when assessing the presence of specific IgG class antibodies to the coronavirus N-protein compared with volunteers with natural and hybrid immunity. Conclusions. Vaccination promotes protective immunity sufficient for timely activation of memory T- and B-cells in breakthrough immunity and maintenance of immunologic efficacy in hybrid immunity against COVID-19. The results help to assess the strain of innate and adaptive immunity in novel coronavirus infection and to fill gaps in the understanding of immunopathogenesis in COVID-19.
对 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的免疫对血细胞组成的影响
相关性。新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)仍是一个公共卫生问题,也是对社会经济福祉的威胁。大多数研究主要集中在体液免疫方面,没有关于动态血液细胞成分的数据。研究目的研究血液细胞成分的动态变化取决于对 SARS-CoV-2 病毒形成的免疫类型(天然免疫、混合免疫、突破免疫、疫苗接种后免疫)。材料和方法。共有 130 名志愿者参与研究。使用流式细胞仪对外周血白细胞进行免疫分型。通过 ELISA 方法评估血清中是否存在 SARS-CoV-2 N 蛋白特异性 IgG 抗体、总 IgA 和细胞因子(IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α)。结果与讨论与健康志愿者(9.1% (6.4-10.2%),p = 0.0007)和 COVID-19 原发感染者(10.2% (8.3-12.1%),p = 0.0134)相比,混合免疫志愿者在接种疫苗 1 个月后(14.0% (12.3-16.4%))BL 明显增加。在具有天然免疫和混合免疫的志愿者中,以及在重新接种疫苗的人群中,在3-9个月的观察期间观察到了B1细胞(CD3-CD19+CD5+CD27-)的增加。研究表明,在获得突破性免疫力的人群中,检测到合成抗体 "转换 "类的 B 淋巴细胞增多。在 6-9 个月的随访中,所有患者体内表达 HLA-DR 的 T 淋巴细胞水平都有所上升。在评估冠状病毒 N 蛋白特异性 IgG 类抗体时,与自然免疫和混合免疫的志愿者相比,突破性免疫志愿者的阳性指数显著增加。结论是接种疫苗可促进保护性免疫,足以在突破性免疫中及时激活记忆T细胞和B细胞,并在混合免疫中维持对COVID-19的免疫效力。这些结果有助于评估新型冠状病毒感染中先天性免疫和适应性免疫的应变,并填补对 COVID-19 免疫发病机制认识的空白。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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