Epidemiological Assessment of Factors Associated with Myopia in Medical Students

S. Agliullina, K. A. Lushanina, G. Khasanova, A. Shulaev, D. Plotnikov
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Abstract

Relevance. Myopia in students can lead to various problems with vision and affect quality of life and academic achievement. Aim. To analyze factors associated with the presence of myopia among medical students to develop effective methods of prevention of this disease. Materials and methods. A non-anonymous questionnaire was conducted on myopia among medical students of the first to sixth year. The questionnaire was developed based on the analysis of published data and included the demographic information, questions concerning the medical history, family history and lifestyle. The questionnaire data were supplemented with information from recording medical forms No. 025 «Medical records of patients receiving outpatient care». The data of 323 medical students were analyzed. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each factor were calculated. Results. The median age of students was 21 years [Q1–Q3 = 19–23], min age = 17 years, max = 31 years. According to the ophthalmologist's examination, 68.7% of students had myopia (95% CI 63.4–73.7). Healthy weight and underweight were associated with the presence of myopia compared to those who are overweight or obese: aOR 2.433 (95% CI 1.096–5.403, p = 0.029) and aOR 2.774 (95% CI 1.231–6.253, p = 0.014), respectively. The presence of 8-hour sleep is associated with a decrease in the chances of having myopia by 2,321 times (aOR 0.431; 95% CI 0.190–0.979; p = 0.044). A large number of steps per day was associated with the absence of myopia. Those who walk 10,000 steps or more per day are 7.46 times less likely to have myopia than those who walk less than 2,000 steps per day. Conclusion. We report a high prevalence of myopia in medical students. The findings suggest that health promotion, including adequate sleep and regular physical activity, can be an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence or progression of myopia and other eye complications.
医学生近视相关因素的流行病学评估
相关性。学生近视会导致各种视力问题,影响生活质量和学习成绩。目的分析医学生近视的相关因素,以制定有效的预防方法。材料和方法。对一年级至六年级医学生的近视情况进行了非匿名问卷调查。问卷是在分析已发表数据的基础上编制的,其中包括人口统计学信息、有关病史、家族史和生活方式的问题。问卷数据由第 025 号 "门诊病人病历 "记录表中的信息补充。对 323 名医科学生的数据进行了分析。进行了描述性分析和逻辑回归分析。计算了各因素的调整后几率比(aOR)和 95% 置信区间(95% CI)。结果显示学生年龄中位数为 21 岁 [Q1-Q3 = 19-23],最小年龄 = 17 岁,最大年龄 = 31 岁。根据眼科医生的检查结果,68.7%的学生患有近视(95% CI为63.4-73.7)。与超重或肥胖的学生相比,健康体重和体重不足与近视的存在有关:aOR 分别为 2.433 (95% CI 1.096-5.403, p = 0.029) 和 aOR 2.774 (95% CI 1.231-6.253, p = 0.014)。8 小时睡眠与近视几率降低 2321 倍相关(aOR 0.431;95% CI 0.190-0.979;p = 0.044)。每天走大量的步数与没有近视有关。每天步行 10,000 步或更多的人患近视的几率比每天步行少于 2,000 步的人低 7.46 倍。结论。我们报告了医学生近视的高发病率。研究结果表明,促进健康(包括充足的睡眠和有规律的体育锻炼)是预防近视和其他眼部并发症发生或发展的有效策略。
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