Status and Possible Further Development of the Prohibition of Starvation of Civilian Population in Armed Conflicts

Dijana Gracin, Ivica Kinder
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Abstract

The main objective of the research is to determine whether the legal rules of international law of armed conflict and international criminal law regarding the prohibition of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare are appropriate to the increasingly widespread practice of starvation in armed conflicts and what the main challenges are. The authors analyze the content and scope of relevant rules, including those that indirectly refer to the prohibition of starvation – for the protection of vulnerable groups, siege, blockade, evacuation, humanitarian relief operations, etc. They take a dynamic and critical approach to this issue. They dynamically analyze the evolution of the prohibition of starvation of civilians under international law from World War II to the present, drawing on relevant examples from international jurisprudence, the work of international bodies and the opinions of legal authors. The authors apply a critical approach to address the need for greater moral stigmatization of starving civilians in armed conflicts. As a part of the critical approach, they see the need for consistent use of the term "starvation", especially when opening new criminal proceedings against the order issuers and perpetrators. They point to the need for patient research and documentation in each case to gather evidence to the best possible extent. Regarding the existing international legal framework, they see the possibility of creating additional legal rules by introducing a distinction between the basic and qualified forms of a criminal offence.
禁止在武装冲突中饿死平民的现状和可能的进一步发展
研究的主要目的是确定国际武装冲突法和国际刑法中关于禁止将平民挨饿作为战争手段的法律规则是否适合武装冲突中日益普遍的挨饿做法,以及主要挑战是什么。作者分析了相关规则的内容和范围,包括间接提及禁止饥饿的规则--保护弱势群体、围困、封锁、疏散、人道主义救济行动等。他们对这一问题采取了动态和批判性的方法。他们借鉴国际判例、国际机构的工作和法律作者的观点中的相关实例,动态分析了从第二次世界大战至今国际法中禁止平民挨饿的规定的演变过程。作者运用批判的方法,探讨了对武装冲突中饥饿平民进行更多道德谴责的必要性。作为批判方法的一部分,他们认为有必要统一使用 "饥饿 "一词,尤其是在对命令发布者和实施者提起新的刑事诉讼时。他们指出,需要对每个案件进行耐心研究和记录,以尽可能收集证据。关于现有的国际法律框架,他们认为有可能通过区分刑事犯罪的基本形式和特定形式来制定更多的法律规则。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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