An Analysis of Hospitalized Burn Injuries in a Burn Care Unit of Northern Bangladesh

Abstract

Introduction: Burn injuries remain a significant public health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries where comprehensive data is scarce. This study provides a detailed analysis of burn injuries in Northern Bangladesh, focusing on epidemiological characteristics and factors influencing burn severity and incidents. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 477 cases of acute, unintentional burns recorded between January 2022 and December 2022 at the Rangpur Medical College Hospital's Burn and Plastic Surgery unit. Data on demographics, burn types, etiology, and severity were collected from hospital registers. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, was used to identify predictors of burn severity. Result: Of the 477 documented cases, females represented 62.05% (296 cases) and males 37.95% (181 cases). Flame burns predominated, comprising 70% of incidents, significantly impacting females engaged in cooking activities. The data revealed a distinct seasonal trend with a significant peak in January, where 40% (191 cases) of annual burn incidents occurred due to campfire exposure. The analysis further demonstrated that burns covering more than 30% of total body surface area (TBSA) were significantly associated with higher morbidity and mortality, with third-degree burns occurring in 92.9% of females compared to 55.8% of males. Logistic regression identified age (OR = 1.28, CI [1.13-2.71]), gender (OR = 1.75, CI [1.11-1.47]), and the cause of ignition (OR = 0.56, CI [0.41-0.76]) as significant predictors of burn severity. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to address the high incidence of burns among young to middle-aged women, particularly through safer cooking practices and awareness campaigns. Additionally, public health strategies should consider seasonal risks and promote safer heating methods during colder months. This study underlines critical areas for intervention and highlights the importance of culturally tailored public health strategies to reduce burn injuries in Northern Bangladesh.