Adsorption of Cadmium and Lead Capacity and Environmental Stability of Magnesium-Modified High-Sulfur Hydrochar: Greenly Utilizing Chicken Feather

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI:10.3390/toxics12050356
Weiqi Deng, Xubin Kuang, Zhaoxin Xu, Deyun Li, Yongtao Li, Yulong Zhang
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Abstract

Chicken feathers represent a viable material for producing biochar adsorbents. Traditional slow pyrolysis methods often result in sulfur element losses from chicken feathers, whereas hydrothermal reactions generate substantial amounts of nutrient-rich hydrothermal liquor. Magnesium-modified high-sulfur hydrochar MWF was synthesized through magnesium modification, achieving a S content of 3.68%. The maximum equilibrium adsorption amounts of MWF for Cd2+ and Pb2+ were 25.12 mg·g−1 and 70.41 mg·g−1, respectively, representing 4.00 times and 2.75 times of WF. Magnesium modification elevated the sulfur content, pH, ash content, and electronegativity of MWF. The primary mechanisms behind MWF’s adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ involve magnesium ion exchange and complexation with C=O/O=C–O, quaternary N, and S functional groups. MWF maintains robust stability and antioxidative properties, even with low aromaticity levels. Given the lower energy consumption during hydrochar production, MWF offers notable carbon sequestration benefits. The hydrothermal solution derived from MWF is nutrient-rich. Following supplementation with inorganic fertilizer, the hydrothermal solution of MWF significantly enhanced bok choy growth compared to the control group. In general, adopting magnesium-modified hydrothermal reactions to produce hydrochar and converting the resultant hydrothermal solution into water-soluble fertilizer proves a viable strategy for the eco-friendly utilization of chicken feathers. This approach carries substantial value for heavy metal remediation and agricultural practices.
镁改性高硫水碳对镉和铅的吸附能力及环境稳定性:鸡毛的绿色利用
鸡毛是生产生物炭吸附剂的一种可行材料。传统的缓慢热解方法通常会导致鸡毛中硫元素的损失,而水热反应则会产生大量营养丰富的水热液。通过镁改性合成了镁改性高硫水炭 MWF,其 S 含量达到 3.68%。MWF 对 Cd2+ 和 Pb2+ 的最大平衡吸附量分别为 25.12 mg-g-1 和 70.41 mg-g-1,分别是 WF 的 4.00 倍和 2.75 倍。镁改性提高了 MWF 的硫含量、pH 值、灰分含量和电负性。MWF 吸附 Cd2+ 和 Pb2+ 的主要机制包括镁离子交换和与 C=O/O=C-O、季铵 N 和 S 官能团的络合。即使芳烃含量较低,MWF 也能保持强大的稳定性和抗氧化性。由于水煤碳生产过程中能耗较低,MWF 具有显著的碳封存优势。从 MWF 中提取的水热溶液营养丰富。在补充无机肥后,与对照组相比,MWF 的水热溶液能显著促进大白菜的生长。总之,采用镁改性水热反应生成水炭,并将生成的水热溶液转化为水溶性肥料,证明是对鸡毛进行生态友好利用的可行策略。这种方法对重金属修复和农业实践具有重大价值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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