Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in domesticated animals from COVID-19 affected households in Bangladesh

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Abstract

The emergence and rapid global spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has sparked significant interest in understanding its zoonotic origins. This study aims to investigate animal and environmental samples in Bangladesh to identify the zoonotic source and reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2. This research adopted a comprehensive approach to gather and analyze samples from various animal species, including cattle, sheep, goats, cats, and dogs that are peridomestic in nature or remain in close contact, ensuring biosafety and avoiding cross-contamination. SARS-CoV-2 or related coronaviruses were identified using immunological detection and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A total of 1028 samples from different regions of Bangladesh were collected from cattle (552), sheep (135), goats (112), cats (118), and dogs (111), of which 465 were rectal, 363 nasal swabs, and 200 blood samples. The samples were collected from those areas where there were human records of COVID-19 during July 2021- December 2022. The blood samples were collected and immediately used for antibody screening. No positive samples were found in both antibody test screens and RT-qPCR in fecal and nasal swab samples. The study indicated no COVID-19 infection was found in domestic animals and pets despite staying in close contact with COVID-19 patients or households, suggesting a limited risk of transmission from these animals to humans within the studied context. It's possible that domestic animals are not significantly involved in the COVID-19 epidemic in natural environment exposure conditions.
孟加拉国受 COVID-19 影响家庭的驯养动物感染 SARS-CoV-2 的调查
由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)引起的新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的出现和在全球范围内的迅速传播引发了人们对了解其人畜共患病起源的极大兴趣。本研究旨在对孟加拉国的动物和环境样本进行调查,以确定 SARS-CoV-2 的人畜共患病源和逆向人畜共患病。本研究采用综合方法收集和分析不同动物物种的样本,包括牛、绵羊、山羊、猫和狗等家畜周围或密切接触的动物,确保生物安全,避免交叉感染。采用免疫学检测和实时反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)方法鉴定 SARS-CoV-2 或相关冠状病毒。从孟加拉国不同地区共采集了 1028 份样本,分别来自牛(552 份)、绵羊(135 份)、山羊(112 份)、猫(118 份)和狗(111 份),其中 465 份为直肠样本,363 份为鼻拭子样本,200 份为血液样本。这些样本是从 2021 年 7 月至 2022 年 12 月期间有人感染 COVID-19 的地区采集的。血液样本采集后立即用于抗体筛查。粪便和鼻拭子样本的抗体检测筛查和 RT-qPCR 均未发现阳性样本。研究表明,尽管家养动物和宠物与 COVID-19 患者或家庭有密切接触,但并未发现它们感染 COVID-19,这表明在研究范围内这些动物传染给人类的风险有限。在自然环境接触条件下,家畜可能与 COVID-19 的流行关系不大。
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