The Use of Phosphogypsum as a Source of Raw Materials for Gypsum-Based Materials

IF 3.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI:10.3390/resources13050069

Kseniya Levickaya, N. Alfimova, Ivan Nikulin, Natalia Kozhukhova, Aleksander Buryanov

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Abstract

Gypsum binders and the products based on them are widely in demand in the construction materials market, which is due to their easy production technology, lower energy consumption, and low environmental impact in relation to Portland cement. Not only natural gypsum (NG), but also phosphogypsum (PG), which is a by-product of the synthesis of orthophosphoric acid from phosphorite rock, can be used as a source of raw materials for the production of gypsum materials. PG is produced annually in large quantities throughout the world. In chemical composition, PG mainly consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4·2H2O, so it is a good potential analogue of natural gypsum, which is used as the main component of gypsum building materials. Thus, the useful recycling of PG as a technogenic resource with valuable properties will expand the raw material base for the production of gypsum materials. This approach to handling technogenic resources fits well with the principles of a circular economy. However, like any technogenic resource, PGs from different enterprises normally differ in their deposits of the original phosphate rock and production technologies. Therefore, PG contains a large number of undesirable impurities, the proportion and composition of which vary over a wide range. This feature does not allow for predicting the properties of PG-based materials without a preliminary detailed study of PG. This research was aimed at carrying out a comprehensive study of the characteristics of PGs from three different industrial plants to evaluate their relationship with the properties of gypsum materials based on them. It was found that PGs have significant differences in their structural and morphological characteristics both in relation to each other and in relation to NG. Also, binders based on PG and NG have significant differences in their physical properties. The average density, compressive strength, and flexural strength for the PG binders with equal workability are lower than those of NG binders. At a water/solid ratio (W/S) < 0.7, all PG binders exhibit comparable compressive strength to NG binders. Thus, PG can act as an alternative to natural gypsum in gypsum binders.

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利用磷石膏作为石膏基材料的原料来源

石膏粘合剂和以石膏粘合剂为基础的产品在建筑材料市场上有着广泛的需求，这是因为与波特兰水泥相比，石膏粘合剂和以石膏粘合剂为基础的产品具有生产技术简单、能耗低、对环境影响小等优点。不仅天然石膏（NG），磷石膏（PG）也可以作为生产石膏材料的原料来源，磷石膏是利用磷矿石合成正磷酸的副产品。全世界每年都会大量生产 PG。从化学成分上看，PG 主要由二水硫酸钙 CaSO4-2H2O 组成，因此是天然石膏的潜在替代品，而天然石膏是石膏建材的主要成分。因此，将 PG 作为一种具有宝贵特性的技术资源进行有用的回收利用，将扩大生产石膏材料的原料基础。这种处理技术资源的方法非常符合循环经济的原则。然而，与其他技术资源一样，不同企业生产的 PG 通常在原始磷矿石的矿床和生产技术方面存在差异。因此，PG 中含有大量的不良杂质，其比例和成分差异很大。如果不对 PG 进行初步的详细研究，就无法根据这一特点预测 PG 基材料的特性。这项研究旨在对三个不同工业厂房的 PGs 特性进行全面研究，以评估它们与基于 PGs 的石膏材料特性之间的关系。研究发现，PGs 的结构和形态特征在相互之间以及与 NG 之间都存在显著差异。此外，基于 PG 和 NG 的粘结剂在物理性质上也有显著差异。具有相同施工性的 PG 粘合剂的平均密度、抗压强度和抗折强度均低于 NG 粘合剂。当水/固比（W/S）小于 0.7 时，所有 PG 粘合剂的抗压强度都与 NG 粘合剂相当。因此，在石膏粘结剂中，PG 可作为天然石膏的替代品。

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来源期刊

Resources Environmental Science-Nature and Landscape Conservation

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

6.10%

发文量

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： Resources (ISSN 2079-9276) is an international, scholarly open access journal on the topic of natural resources. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications and short notes, and there is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental and methodical details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. There are, in addition, unique features of this journal: manuscripts regarding research proposals and research ideas will be particularly welcomed, electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material. Subject Areas: natural resources, water resources, mineral resources, energy resources, land resources, plant and animal resources, genetic resources, ecology resources, resource management and policy, resources conservation and recycling.