Mobility patterns in Grande Abrigo de Santana do Riacho, Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from histomorphometric analysis of skeletal remains

Abstract

This study analyzes skeletal remains from Grande Abrigo de Santana do Riacho, aiming to investigate mobility patterns. Previous studies suggest low mobility based on macroscopic observations of skeletons. This study examined thin sections of the femoral Linea aspera of six adult individuals using histomorphometric techniques. Variables analyzed include intact and fragmented secondary osteons, osteon area and Haversian canal. This data was then compared with other groups to test associations between histological features and mechanical stimuli. A high density of osteons was found, indicating high levels of physical activity. Differences between sexes were observed, with men showing evidence of more strenuous physical demands compared to women. Furthermore, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive relationship was observed between the area of the Haversian canal and the density of secondary osteons, suggesting relatively short events of bone remodelling. This result is consistent with previous macroscopic analyses, confirming the low mobility patterns for the site. The study also highlights the potential of bone paleohistology for investigations in Brazilian contexts.