Development of a Curriculum for Emergency Physicians to Teach Transesophageal Echocardiography for Cardiac Arrests: A Kern Six-Step Model

Qeios Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI:10.32388/9unb92
Barry Swerdlow
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Kern model facilitates the development, implementation, and evaluation of successful educational systems in medicine. It involves six steps that link curricular content to health care needs. One such need is the design of a curriculum to teach emergency physicians practical use of focused transesophageal echocardiography employing a limited number of views for management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. The objective of this analysis was to describe the components of such a curriculum based on a Kern model that could be employed to train emergency department providers in this diagnostic modality.  METHODS: We predicated our analysis on the American College of Emergency Physicians’ recommendations and goals for use of transesophageal echocardiography to guide emergency department cardiac arrest resuscitation. We then detailed an asynchronous pre-didactic learning experience followed by a synchronous didactic and simulation-based curriculum to teach emergency physicians how to acquire and interpret images for this purpose based upon steps set forth by a Kern model.  RESULTS: The component steps in designing a curriculum constructed to teach focused transesophageal echocardiography for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests to emergency physicians are rigorously outlined. These components based on a Kern model include problem identification and a general needs assessment, a targeted needs assessment, defining goals and objectives, choosing educational strategies, curricular implementation, and program evaluation.  CONCLUSIONS: Use of a six-step Kern model as a template can facilitate the development and dissemination of a curriculum to teach emergency physicians successfully to employ focused transesophageal echocardiography in the treatment of cardiac arrests. In order to promote its widest dissemination, this model should be pursued in a “train-the-trainer” fashion. In so doing, appropriate education of emergency physicians and their use of transesophageal echocardiography to manage cardiac arrests likely can be rapid and impactful, especially among providers with training and experience in transthoracic echocardiography. 
为急诊医生开发经食道超声心动图治疗心脏骤停教学课程:克恩六步模式
背景:Kern 模型有助于开发、实施和评估成功的医学教育系统。它包括六个步骤,将课程内容与医疗保健需求联系起来。其中一项需求就是设计一门课程,教授急诊医生如何实际使用聚焦经食道超声心动图,利用有限的视图来处理院外心脏骤停。本分析的目的是描述基于 Kern 模型的课程内容,该模型可用于培训急诊科医生使用这种诊断方式。方法:我们的分析以美国急诊医师学会关于使用经食道超声心动图指导急诊科心脏骤停复苏的建议和目标为基础。然后,我们详细介绍了一种非同步的教学前学习体验,随后是同步的教学和模拟课程,根据 Kern 模型规定的步骤教授急诊医生如何为此目的获取和解读图像。结果:我们严格概述了设计课程的组成步骤,该课程旨在向急诊医生传授针对院外心脏骤停的重点经食道超声心动图检查。这些基于 Kern 模型的组成部分包括问题识别和总体需求评估、目标需求评估、确定目标和目的、选择教育策略、课程实施和项目评估。结论:以 Kern 六步模型为模板,可促进课程的开发和推广,让急诊医生在治疗心脏骤停时成功学会使用聚焦经食道超声心动图。为了促进其最广泛的传播,应该以 "培训培训师 "的方式推行这一模式。这样一来,对急诊医生进行适当的教育,并让他们使用经食道超声心动图来处理心脏骤停,很可能会取得快速而有效的效果,尤其是对接受过经胸超声心动图培训并具有相关经验的医护人员而言。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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