Genomic perspective of Salmonella enterica isolated from farm animals in Sinaloa, Mexico

Abstract

Farm animals play a crucial role as a primary source of sustenance for human consumption. However continues to be one of the major food-borne pathogens from a public health standpoint. Its persistent global concern surrounding stems from its capability to induce foodborne illnesses. Unraveling the genetic characteristics of this pathogen stands as a pivotal step, shedding light on the intricate biology of and aiming to mitigate its prevalence. Within this context, our study aims to delve into the genomic traits and population structure of Mexican isolates derived from farm animals. We performed next-generation sequencing across 72 genomes. Genomic data was analyzed to determine virulence and antibiotic resistance markers. In addition, a phylogenetic tree and a spanning tree was constructed. The study revealed a diversity of 18 serovars linked to a singular ST, with prominent serovars being Oranienburg, Give, and Saintpaul. Across all isolates, an extensive array of virulence-related genes was identified. Interestingly, 95% of the isolates displayed exclusive resistance to aminoglycosides, while the remaining exhibited multidrug resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Notably, a substantial prevalence of prophages in the genomes was observed, accounting for 94% and totaling 183 sequences. The serovar Give stood out with the highest number of sequences, featuring Vibrio X29 and Escher RCS47 as the most prevalent phages. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the intricate world of , paving the way for enhanced understanding and targeted interventions.