Effects of Cinnamon on Cancer Prevention and Progression

Qeios Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI:10.32388/eviqdp
Madison Anderson, William Hrivnak, Khanneth Prak, Amy Stockert
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Abstract

Cinnamon has been used medicinally for centuries, but recently research has suggested it may have a role in cancer prevention and potentially treatment. The search for alternative and subjunctive therapies is essential due to the public demand and the increasing cost of healthcare. Here we review the biologically active components of cinnamon and discuss the methods of potential cinnamon activity against cancer including: transcription factor regulation and kinase activity. Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-\(𝜿\)B) is a stress sensitive transcription factor that regulates transcription of genes involved in tumor progression and is inhibited by cinnamon components. Another way that cinnamon inhibits tumor growth is by suppression of transcription factor activator protein -1 (AP-1) which interacts with genes responsible for apoptosis, metastasis and inflammation. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in angiogenesis, especially in the tumor microenvironment. The HIF-1-VEGF pathway are targeted by cinnamaldehyde, a compound found in cinnamon. Nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) is also examined and has been indicated to both potentially prevent cancer as well as induce it; various cinnamon derivatives target Nrf2. A cinnamaldehyde derivative has been implicated in a reduction of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are a group of kinases that regulate proliferation. Additionally, cinnamon components have been tied to cancer prevention by positively affecting the gut microbiome and inhibiting inflammation. The review concludes with a discussion of the future research needed and potential risk associated with cinnamon intake.
肉桂对预防癌症和癌症进展的作用
肉桂的药用历史已有几个世纪,但最近的研究表明,它可能在预防和治疗癌症方面发挥作用。由于公众的需求和医疗成本的不断增加,寻找替代和辅助疗法至关重要。在此,我们回顾了肉桂的生物活性成分,并讨论了肉桂潜在的抗癌活性方法,包括:转录因子调节和激酶活性。核因子卡巴B(NF-\(𝜿\)B)是一种对压力敏感的转录因子,它能调节涉及肿瘤进展的基因的转录,并受到肉桂成分的抑制。肉桂抑制肿瘤生长的另一种方法是抑制转录因子激活蛋白-1(AP-1),AP-1 与负责凋亡、转移和炎症的基因相互作用。缺氧诱导转录因子-1(HIF-1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)参与血管生成,尤其是在肿瘤微环境中。肉桂中的一种化合物肉桂醛是 HIF-1-VEGF 通路的靶标。还对核因子红细胞相关因子 2(Nrf2)进行了研究,结果表明它既能潜在地预防癌症,也能诱发癌症;各种肉桂衍生物都以 Nrf2 为靶标。肉桂醛衍生物与减少有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)有关,MAPKs 是一组调节增殖的激酶。此外,肉桂成分还通过积极影响肠道微生物群和抑制炎症来预防癌症。综述最后讨论了未来需要开展的研究以及与肉桂摄入相关的潜在风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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