Prospects for the Development of Hydrogen Energy. Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers

IF 2 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
I. A. Stenina, A. B. Yaroslavtsev
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Due to the increased attention to hydrogen energy and the fact that many countries adopted the programs for its development, the question on the prospects for this area becomes relevant. Initially, Russian hydrogen energy development program was focused on producing hydrogen from natural gas. However, owing to the changed international situation and the declared course to the use of “green” hydrogen, the production of which is not associated with the emission of carbon oxides, special attention should obviously be paid to the development of fuel cells (FC) and electrolyzers. In this review, the main advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells of various types are considered. Today, the most developed industry is low-temperature fuel cells based on proton-conducting membranes (proton-exchange membrane fuel cells in English literature). At the same time, fuel cells based on anion-exchange membranes with OH-ion conductivity are also promising. Their key advantage is the possibility of using significantly cheaper non-perfluorinated membranes and platinum-free catalysts. Considerable attention in the review is paid to fuel cells operating at elevated temperatures. The second part of this review discusses in detail the membranes currently used in these devices and promising materials that can replace them in the near future.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

氢能源的发展前景。用于燃料电池和电解槽的聚合物膜
摘要由于氢能日益受到关注,而且许多国家都通过了氢能开发计划,因此该领域的前景问题变得十分重要。最初,俄罗斯氢能发展计划的重点是利用天然气制氢。然而,由于国际形势的变化,以及已宣布的使用 "绿色 "氢气(其生产与碳氧化物的排放无关)的路线,显然应特别关注燃料电池(FC)和电解槽的发展。本综述考虑了各种类型燃料电池的主要优缺点。目前,最发达的行业是基于质子传导膜的低温燃料电池(英文文献中为质子交换膜燃料电池)。同时,基于具有 OH 离子传导性的阴离子交换膜的燃料电池也很有前景。它们的主要优点是可以使用便宜得多的无全氟膜和无铂催化剂。本综述相当关注在高温下运行的燃料电池。综述的第二部分详细讨论了目前在这些设备中使用的膜,以及在不久的将来可以取代它们的有前途的材料。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
31.20%
发文量
38
期刊介绍: The journal Membranes and Membrane Technologies publishes original research articles and reviews devoted to scientific research and technological advancements in the field of membranes and membrane technologies, including the following main topics:novel membrane materials and creation of highly efficient polymeric and inorganic membranes;hybrid membranes, nanocomposites, and nanostructured membranes;aqueous and nonaqueous filtration processes (micro-, ultra-, and nanofiltration; reverse osmosis);gas separation;electromembrane processes and fuel cells;membrane pervaporation and membrane distillation;membrane catalysis and membrane reactors;water desalination and wastewater treatment;hybrid membrane processes;membrane sensors;membrane extraction and membrane emulsification;mathematical simulation of porous structures and membrane separation processes;membrane characterization;membrane technologies in industry (energy, mineral extraction, pharmaceutics and medicine, chemistry and petroleum chemistry, food industry, and others);membranes and protection of environment (“green chemistry”).The journal has been published in Russian already for several years, English translations of the content used to be integrated in the journal Petroleum Chemistry. This journal is a split off with additional topics.
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