[68Ga]Ga-THP-tetrazine for bioorthogonal click radiolabelling: pretargeted PET imaging of liposomal nanomedicines†

Abstract

Pretargeted PET imaging using bioorthogonal chemistry is a leading strategy for the tracking of long-circulating agents such as antibodies and nanoparticle-drug delivery systems with short-lived isotopes. Here, we report the synthesis, characterisation and in vitro/vivo evaluation of a new ⁶⁸Ga-based radiotracer [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-THP-Tetrazine ([⁶⁸Ga]Ga-THP-Tz) for bioorthogonal click radiochemistry and in vivo labelling of agents with slow pharmacokinetics. THP-tetrazine (THP-Tz) can be radiolabelled to give [^68/67Ga]Ga-THP-Tz at room temperature in less than 15 minutes with excellent radiochemical stability in vitro and in vivo. [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-THP-Tz was tested in vitro and in vivo for pretargeted imaging of stealth PEGylated liposomes, chosen as a leading clinically-approved platform of nanoparticle-based drug delivery, and for their known long-circulating properties. To achieve this, PEGylated liposomes were functionalised with a synthesised transcyclooctene (TCO) modified phospholipid. Radiolabelling of TCO-PEG-liposomes with [^68/67Ga]Ga-THP-Tz was demonstrated in vitro in human serum, and in vivo using both healthy mice and in a syngeneic cancer murine model (WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma). Interestingly in vivo data revealed that [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-THP-Tz was able to in vivo radiolabel liposomes present in the liver and spleen, and not those in the blood pool or in the tumour. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-THP-Tz for pretargeted imaging/therapy but also some unexpected limitations of this system.