Accretion and Uneven Depletion of the Main Asteroid Belt

Abstract

The main asteroid belt (MAB) is known to be primarily composed of objects from two distinct taxonomic classes, generically defined here as S- and C-complex. The former probably originated from the inner solar system (interior to Jupiter’s orbit), while the latter probably originated from the outer solar system. Following this definition, (4) Vesta, a V-type residing in the inner MAB (a < 2.5 au), is the sole D > 500 km object akin to the S-complex that potentially formed in situ. This provides a useful constraint on the number of D > 500 km bodies that could have formed, or grown, within the primordial MAB. In this work, we numerically simulate the accretion of objects in the MAB region during the time when gas in the protoplanetary disk still existed while assuming different MAB primordial masses. We then account for the depletion of that population happening after gas disk dispersal. In our analysis, we subdivided the MAB into five subregions and showed that the depletion factor varies throughout the MAB. This results in uneven radial- and size-dependent depletion of the MAB. We show that the MAB primordial mass has to be ≲2.14 × 10⁻³ M _⊕. Larger primordial masses would lead to the accretion of tens to thousands of S-complex objects with D > 500 km in the MAB. Such large objects would survive depletion even in the outer subregions (a > 2.5 au), thus being inconsistent with observations. Our results also indicate that S-complex objects with D > 200–300 km, including (4) Vesta, are likely to be terrestrial planetesimals implanted into the MAB rather than formed in situ.