Spooky action at a distance? A two-phase study into learners’ views of quantum entanglement

IF 5.8 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS
Michael Brang, Helena Franke, Franziska Greinert, Malte S. Ubben, Fabian Hennig, Philipp Bitzenbauer
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Abstract

Quantum entanglement is a challenging concept within the field of physics education, often eluding a full grasp by both educators and learners alike. In this paper, we report findings from a two-phase empirical study into the views of entanglement held by pre-service physics teachers and physics students from various universities. In the first phase, we utilized a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions which was completed by 31 pre-service physics teachers. The study participants’ ideas were explored using qualitative content analysis which led to the creation of rating scale items used in study phase 2. These items were administered to a broader cohort including 73 physics university students in order to capture the learners’ agreement or disagreement with the questionnaire statements, and hence, helped to validate and substantiate the in-depth insights from study phase 1. Key findings revealed widespread accurate notions, like the need to consider the entire system when examining entangled states. However, less elaborated views were also identified, including ideas such as that measurements of entangled states always show perfect (anti-)correlation. Another striking observation was the confusion between quantum entanglement and superposition. In the case of quantum teleportation, many participants seemed to have a basic grasp of the concept, although a number of misconceptions were apparent, notably the idea that quantum entanglement enables faster-than-light communication. Practically, the findings can assist educators in anticipating and addressing widespread (mis-)conceptions, paving the way for more effective instruction in quantum mechanics and its real-world applications, such as quantum cryptography and computing.

超距作用?分两个阶段研究学习者对量子纠缠的看法
量子纠缠是物理教育领域中一个具有挑战性的概念,教育者和学习者往往都无法完全掌握。在本文中,我们分两个阶段报告了一项实证研究的结果,研究对象是来自不同大学的职前物理教师和物理学生对纠缠的看法。在第一阶段,我们使用了一份由开放式问题组成的调查问卷,由 31 位职前物理教师填写。通过定性内容分析,我们对研究参与者的观点进行了探讨,并据此制定了第二阶段研究中使用的评分量表项目。对包括 73 名物理专业大学生在内的更广泛群体进行了这些项目的调查,以了解学习者对问卷陈述的同意或不同意情况,从而帮助验证和证实研究阶段 1 的深入见解。主要研究结果显示了广泛的准确概念,如在研究纠缠态时需要考虑整个系统。不过,也发现了一些不太详尽的观点,包括对纠缠态的测量总是显示出完美的(反)相关性等想法。另一个引人注目的现象是量子纠缠与叠加之间的混淆。就量子远距传 输而言,许多参与者似乎已基本掌握了这一概念,但也存在一些明显的误解,特别是认为量子纠缠能 够实现比光速更快的通信。实际上,这些发现可以帮助教育工作者预测和解决普遍存在的(错误)概念,为更有效地指导量子力学及其在现实世界中的应用(如量子密码学和计算)铺平道路。
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来源期刊
EPJ Quantum Technology
EPJ Quantum Technology Physics and Astronomy-Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
7.50%
发文量
28
审稿时长
71 days
期刊介绍: Driven by advances in technology and experimental capability, the last decade has seen the emergence of quantum technology: a new praxis for controlling the quantum world. It is now possible to engineer complex, multi-component systems that merge the once distinct fields of quantum optics and condensed matter physics. EPJ Quantum Technology covers theoretical and experimental advances in subjects including but not limited to the following: Quantum measurement, metrology and lithography Quantum complex systems, networks and cellular automata Quantum electromechanical systems Quantum optomechanical systems Quantum machines, engineering and nanorobotics Quantum control theory Quantum information, communication and computation Quantum thermodynamics Quantum metamaterials The effect of Casimir forces on micro- and nano-electromechanical systems Quantum biology Quantum sensing Hybrid quantum systems Quantum simulations.
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