Mouse Models for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Journal of dental research Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI:10.1177/00220345241240997
J Zhou, C Liu, P Amornphimoltham, S C Cheong, J S Gutkind, Q Chen, Z Wang
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Abstract

The prognosis and survival rate of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have remained unchanged for years, and the pathogenesis of HNSCC is still not fully understood, necessitating further research. An ideal animal model that accurately replicates the complex microenvironment of HNSCC is urgently needed. Among all the animal models for preclinical cancer research, tumor-bearing mouse models are the best known and widely used due to their high similarity to humans. Currently, mouse models for HNSCC can be broadly categorized into chemical-induced models, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), and transplanted mouse models, each with its distinct advantages and limitations. In chemical-induced models, the carcinogen spontaneously initiates tumor formation through a multistep process. The resemblance of this model to human carcinogenesis renders it an ideal preclinical platform for studying HNSCC initiation and progression from precancerous lesions. The major drawback is that these models are time-consuming and, like human cancer, unpredictable in terms of timing, location, and number of lesions. GEMMs involve transgenic and knockout mice with gene modifications, leading to malignant transformation within a tumor microenvironment that recapitulates tumorigenesis in vivo, including their interaction with the immune system. However, most HNSCC GEMMs exhibit low tumor incidence and limited prognostic significance when translated to clinical studies. Transplanted mouse models are the most widely used in cancer research due to their consistency, availability, and efficiency. Based on the donor and recipient species matching, transplanted mouse models can be divided into xenografts and syngeneic models. In the latter, transplanted cells and host are from the same strain, making syngeneic models relevant to study functional immune system. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the characteristics, establishment methods, and potential applications of these different HNSCC mouse models, aiming to assist researchers in choosing suitable animal models for their research.

头颈部鳞状细胞癌小鼠模型
头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)的预后和存活率多年来一直未变,其发病机制仍未完全明了,需要进一步研究。目前迫切需要一种理想的动物模型来准确复制 HNSCC 复杂的微环境。在所有用于临床前癌症研究的动物模型中,肿瘤小鼠模型因其与人类高度相似而最为人熟知和广泛使用。目前,HNSCC 的小鼠模型大致可分为化学诱导模型、基因工程小鼠模型(GEMMs)和移植小鼠模型,每种模型都有其独特的优势和局限性。在化学物质诱导模型中,致癌物质通过多步骤过程自发形成肿瘤。这种模型与人类致癌过程相似,是研究 HNSCC 从癌前病变开始和发展的理想临床前平台。其主要缺点是这些模型耗时较长,而且与人类癌症一样,在时间、位置和病变数量方面难以预测。GEMM涉及基因修饰的转基因和基因敲除小鼠,导致肿瘤微环境中的恶性转化,这种微环境再现了体内的肿瘤发生过程,包括它们与免疫系统的相互作用。然而,大多数 HNSCC GEMMs 的肿瘤发病率较低,在临床研究中的预后意义有限。移植小鼠模型因其一致性、可用性和高效性而在癌症研究中得到最广泛的应用。根据供体和受体物种的匹配情况,移植小鼠模型可分为异种移植模型和同种异体模型。在后者中,移植细胞和宿主来自同一品系,因此共生模型与研究功能性免疫系统相关。在这篇综述中,我们全面总结了这些不同的 HNSCC 小鼠模型的特点、建立方法和潜在应用,旨在帮助研究人员选择合适的动物模型进行研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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