Preoperative COVID-19 Vaccination Is Associated with Decreased Perioperative Mortality After Major Vascular Surgery.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on perioperative outcomes after major vascular surgery.

Background: COVID-19 vaccination is associated with decreased mortality in patients undergoing various surgical procedures. However, the effect of vaccination on perioperative mortality after major vascular surgery is unknown.

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study of patients who underwent major vascular surgery between December 2021 and August 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 30 days of index operation or before hospital discharge. Multivariable models were used to examine the association between vaccination status and the primary outcomes.

Results: Of the total 85,424 patients included, 19,161 (22.4%) were unvaccinated. Unvaccinated patients were younger compared with vaccinated patients (mean age 68.44 +/- 10.37 y vs 72.11 +/- 9.20 y, P <0.001) and less likely to have comorbid conditions, including hypertension, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dialysis. After risk factor adjustment, vaccination was associated with decreased mortality (OR 0.7, 95% CI: 0.62-0.81, P <0.0001). Stratification by procedure type demonstrated that vaccinated patients had decreased odds of mortality after open abdominal aortic aneurysm (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.42-0.97, P =0.03), endovascular aneurysm repair (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.43-0.83, P= 0.002), carotid artery stenting (OR 0.7, 95% CI: 0.51-0.88, P =0.004) and infrainguinal lower extremity bypass (OR 0.7, 95% CI: 0.48-0.96, P =0.03).

Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination is associated with reduced perioperative mortality in patients undergoing vascular surgery. This association is most pronounced in patients undergoing aortic aneurysm repair, carotid stenting, and infrainguinal bypass.