Imaging in pulmonary infections of immunocompetent adult patients.

IF 2.3 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Breathe Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-09 DOI:10.1183/20734735.0186-2023
Svitlana Pochepnia, Elzbieta Magdalena Grabczak, Emma Johnson, Fusun Oner Eyuboglu, Onno Akkerman, Helmut Prosch
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Abstract

Pneumonia is a clinical syndrome characterised by fever, cough and alveolar infiltration of purulent fluid, caused by infection with a microbial pathogen. It can be caused by infections with bacteria, viruses or fungi, but a causative organism is identified in less than half of cases. The most common type of pneumonia is community-acquired pneumonia, which is caused by infections acquired outside the hospital. Current guidelines for pneumonia diagnosis require imaging to confirm the clinical suspicion of pneumonia. Thus, imaging plays an important role in both the diagnosis and management of pneumonia, with each modality having specific advantages and limitations. Chest radiographs are commonly used but have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Lung ultrasound shows high sensitivity and specificity. Computed tomography scans offer higher diagnostic accuracy but involve higher radiation doses. Radiological patterns, including lobar, lobular and interstitial pneumonia, provide valuable insights into causative pathogens and treatment decisions. Understanding these radiological patterns is crucial for accurate diagnosis. In this review, we will summarise the most important aspects pertaining to the role of imaging in pneumonia and will highlight the imaging characteristics of the most common causative organisms.

免疫功能正常的成年患者肺部感染的影像学检查。
肺炎是由微生物病原体感染引起的以发热、咳嗽和肺泡浸润性脓液为特征的临床综合征。肺炎可由细菌、病毒或真菌感染引起,但只有不到一半的病例能确定致病菌。最常见的肺炎类型是社区获得性肺炎,由医院外感染引起。目前的肺炎诊断指南要求通过影像学检查来确认临床怀疑的肺炎。因此,影像学检查在肺炎的诊断和治疗中发挥着重要作用,每种检查方式都有其特定的优势和局限性。胸片是常用的检查方法,但在灵敏度和特异性方面存在局限性。肺部超声波检查具有较高的灵敏度和特异性。计算机断层扫描的诊断准确率较高,但辐射剂量较大。包括大叶性肺炎、小叶性肺炎和间质性肺炎在内的放射学模式为了解致病病原体和治疗决策提供了宝贵的信息。了解这些放射学模式对于准确诊断至关重要。在本综述中,我们将总结与成像在肺炎中的作用有关的最重要方面,并重点介绍最常见致病菌的成像特征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Breathe
Breathe RESPIRATORY SYSTEM-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
5.00%
发文量
51
审稿时长
12 weeks
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